Table 3.

Differentially methylated CpGs in blood DNA in relation to NO₂ exposure (FDR < 0.05), ordered by chromosomal location

Chra	Gene (distance to geneb)	Probe	Positionc	Coefd	SEe	Pf
1	MAN1C1 (− 7282)	cg16396978	25936677	0.008	0.002	3.9E-06
1	ERI3	cg13451048	44820073	0.007	0.001	8.6E-07
1	RPL5	cg02769668	93302925	− 0.003	0.001	3.3E-07
1	WARS2 (− 29,067)	cg06764239	119544772	0.002	3.5E-04	4.3E-06
1	S100A12	cg02901136	153348305	0.012	0.002	2.7E-06
2	STON1 (169)	cg23256664	48757477	− 0.001	3.0E-04	8.9E-07
2	NDUFB3	cg04865026	201936505	0.012	0.002	7.5E-07
2	PLEKHM3	cg09950920	208734940	0.013	0.003	2.7E-07
2	PIKFYVE	cg19351166	209133632	0.008	0.002	5.5E-06
3	CTDSPL	cg12386061	37906586	0.002	4.3E-04	5.5E-06
3	DCBLD2 (122,596)	cg01188562	98637410	− 0.004	0.001	2.0E-06
3	AP2M1	cg17343451	183899704	0.009	0.002	3.3E-06
4	CPLX1	cg16649791	816968	− 0.014	0.003	1.0E-06
4	LINC01097 (− 3902)	cg25913520	13524041	0.002	3.6E-04	2.8E-06
4	LOC641518	cg13775316	109093218	0.002	4.0E-04	6.2E-07
5	DAP (86217)	cg23112301	10765559	− 0.005	0.001	3.8E-06
5	ZNF366	cg21770462	71803219	0.008	0.002	4.7E-06
5	ERAP1 (− 82,414)	cg13625213	95915327	− 0.002	4.0E-04	3.4E-06
5	CDHR2 (− 2294)	cg18194153	175967218	0.010	0.002	1.3E-07
6	LTA	cg11586857	31540136	− 0.007	0.001	3.5E-06
8	PMP2	cg22796481	82353365	− 0.019	0.004	6.7E-07
8	OSR2	cg09607488	99963657	0.007	0.002	4.5E-06
9	RORB	cg04130427	77113915	0.005	0.001	3.7E-06
10	ZNF438	cg10575075	31288634	0.014	0.003	2.0E-06
10	EMX2	cg02420850	119302157	0.002	4.0E-04	6.2E-07
11	TMEM138	cg03370752	61136373	0.010	0.002	5.5E-06
11	SORL1	cg17510957	121466629	0.011	0.002	5.1E-06
12	TEAD4	cg12902426	3068889	0.003	0.001	3.7E-06
12	STK38L	cg05171937g	27396765	0.010	0.002	1.1E-08
12	DDX55	cg13559144	124086193	0.002	4.3E-04	3.0E-06
13	EDNRB	cg23326536	78491199	− 0.003	0.001	1.7E-06
13	IRS2 (−8541)	cg26583725g	110397643	− 0.001	2.3E-04	4.9E-08
14	ITPK1	cg05284742	93552128	0.009	0.002	4.1E-06
14	OTUB2	cg06992688	94491958	0.013	0.003	3.3E-06
14	PLD4	cg15352829	105391018	0.010	0.002	3.0E-06
15	LOC145663	cg04025675	45671028	0.005	0.001	6.3E-07
16	ZCCHC14	cg16727006	87470545	− 0.010	0.002	4.8E-06
17	EFCAB5 (− 2689)	cg22888787	27950276	0.010	0.002	3.9E-07
17	CD300A (− 12,486)	cg00227781	72450036	0.004	0.001	3.0E-06
19	LOC100128675	cg06642503	35597415	− 0.005	0.001	2.9E-06
19	ZNF347	cg15050103	53642858	− 0.008	0.002	3.7E-06
19	ZNF542 (− 28,810)	cg06109293	56850658	0.020	0.004	1.9E-07
20	NKX2-4 (− 3198)	cg27650906	21372807	0.006	0.001	3.1E-07
20	C20orf56	cg06226567g	22559676	0.003	0.001	3.5E-08
21	MORC3	cg01261013	37691747	0.010	0.002	4.1E-06

^aChromosome

^bDistance to transcription start site of the mapped gene (base pair)

^cPhysical position (base pair, National Center for Biotechnology Information human reference genome assembly Build 37.3)

^dRegression coefficient from statistical model. Covariates age, sex, cigarette smoking status, pack-years of smoking, BMI, COPD status and estimated cell-type proportions were included in the model. The coefficient can be interpreted as the difference in DNA methylation per 1 ppb NO₂ exposure. For example, cg16396978 showed 0.8% methylation increase per 1 ppb NO₂ exposure increase. Methylation values range 0–1

^eStandard error of regression coefficient

^fUncorrected p value

^gStatistically significant after Bonferroni multiple-testing correction (1.2E-07)