Table 1.
Characteristics of the 96 studies included in this review.
| Characteristic | No. of studies | % of total studies |
|---|---|---|
| YEAR OF PUBLICATION | ||
| 1994–2000 | 2 | 2.1 |
| 2001–2007 | 2 | 2.1 |
| 2008–2014 | 36 | 37.5 |
| 2015–2018 | 56 | 58.3 |
| JOURNAL OF PUBLICATION | ||
| Personality and individual differences | 10 | 10.4 |
| Frontiers in psychology | 8 | 8.3 |
| Applied cognitive psychology | 7 | 7.3 |
| British journal of psychology | 5 | 5.2 |
| PLoS ONE | 6 | 6.3 |
| European journal of social psychology | 4 | 4.2 |
| Remaining journals (each with < 4 published studies)a | 56 | 58.3 |
| CONTINENT OF ORIGIN | ||
| Europe | 42 | 43.8 |
| USA | 34 | 35.4 |
| Asia | 4 | 4.2 |
| Australia/New Zealand | 3 | 3.1 |
| Africa | 0 | 0 |
| Multiple continents | 13 | 13.5 |
| SAMPLE SIZE* | ||
| 0–100 | 27 | 16.3 |
| 101–200 | 46 | 27.7 |
| 201–300 | 35 | 21.1 |
| 301–400 | 16 | 9.6 |
| 401–500 | 9 | 5.4 |
| >500 | 33 | 19.9 |
| SAMPLE* | ||
| Adults | 79 | 47.6 |
| Undergraduates | 22 | 13.3 |
| Students | 39 | 23.5 |
| MTurk workers | 26 | 15.7 |
| METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION* | ||
| Face-to-face | 74 | 44.6 |
| Online | 66 | 39.8 |
| MTurk | 26 | 15.7 |
| STUDY DESIGN* | ||
| Cross-sectional | 118 | 71.1 |
| Experimental manipulation | 48 | 28.9 |
Total number of publications = 96. Total number studies including multi-study publications = 166.
*
Counts including multi-study publications.
a
Includes three unpublished theses and one book chapter.