Table 2.
Mean (±SD) minutes of cycling to volitional fatigue during time to fatigue trial (5% above LT).
| Treatment | Endurance-trained (n = 12) | Sedentary (n = 12) | All participants (n = 24) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caffeine (CAF)+LCHO | 26.5 ± 9.6 (d = 0.4) | 26.9 ± 15.6 (d = 0.38) | 26.7 ± 12.6 (d = 0.39) |
| Caffeine (CAF) | 26.0 ± 10.7 (d = 0.32) | 25.6 ± 9.2 (d = 0.37) | 25.8 ± 9.8 (d = 0.36) |
| Placebo (PLA) | 22.8 ± 9.0 | 21.5 ± 12.8 | 22.1 ± 10.8 |
| Low-Carbohydrate (LCHO) | 19.8 ± 10.3 (d = −0.31) | 22.5 ± 10.4 (d = 0.09) | 21.2 ± 10.2* (d = −0.1) |
| All treatments | 23.8 ± 3.1 | 24.1 ± 2.6 | 24.0 ± 2.6 |
*
p < 0.05 indicates significantly lower compared to CAF+LCHO.
Effect size (Cohen's d) is treatment compared to PLA for all participants.