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. 2019 Mar 1;2019(3):CD006715. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006715.pub3

Berendes 2003.

Methods Parallel RCT
Ethics committee: approved by the ethics committee
Informed consents: written informed consents obtained
Site: Munster, Germany
Setting: university hospital
Dates of data collection: from 1 February 2000 through 31 August 2000
Funding: supported in part by grant Be‐1‐1‐1/97‐5 to the Faculty of Medicine, Westfalische Wilhelms‐Universitat Munster, Innovative Medizinische Forschung, Munster, Germany
Registration: unspecified
Participants 73 participants: mean age 60.0 years; sex distribution: 20 females and 53 males
Inclusion criteria

  1. Patients scheduled for CABG who had left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 50%


Exclusion criteria

  1. Pre‐existing endocrinological disease

  2. Renal insufficiency

  3. Coagulation disorders

  4. Right and/or left ventricular dysfunction

  5. Concomitant disorders of heart valves

  6. Having undergone cardiac surgical procedures

  7. Acute myocardial infarction

  8. Heart failure
Interventions Intervention

  1. Epidural analgesia (N = 36)


Comparator

  1. Systemic analgesia (N = 37)


Induction: midazolam, sufentanil, and pancuronium
Maintenance: propofol and sufentanil
Surgery: CABG with CPB
Outcomes Relevant to this review

  1. Risk of mortality

  2. Risk of myocardial infarction

  3. Risk of pulmonary complications


Others

  1. Left ventricular function

  2. Brain and atrial natriuretic peptides
Notes Correspondence: email sent 16 March 2018; no reply
Conflict of interest: none reported
DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.138.12.1283
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Low risk Computer‐generated block randomization
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Low risk Administered through a sequential opaque envelope technique
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Not reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Quote: "blinded for primary outcome measure: echographic examination for global and regional myocardial function
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk No lost to follow‐up
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Low risk All pre‐specified outcomes reported
Other bias Low risk No failed epidural
Groups had similar demographic characteristics