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. 2019 Mar 1;2019(3):CD006715. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006715.pub3

Celik 2015.

Methods Parallel RCT
Ethics committee: approved by the hospital scientific committee
Informed consents: obtained
Site: Kardiyovasküler Cerrahi Kliniği, İstanbul, Türkiye
Setting: university hospital
Dates of data collection: 2009
Funding: institutional/departmental
Registration: not registered
Participants 40 participants; mean age; 58 years; sex distribution: 12 females and 28 males
Incusion criteria

  1. ASA III adults undergoing elective CABG

  2. Age < 70 years


Exclusion criteria

  1. Use of steroids

  2. Coagulopathy

  3. Non‐steroid anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or anticoagulant drugs

  4. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%

  5. Cervicothoracic arthritis

  6. Concomitant valvular heart disease

  7. Chronic renal failure

  8. Endocrine system insufficiency

  9. Morbid obesity (body mass index (BMI) > 35)
Interventions Intervention

  1. Epidural analgesia (N = 20)


Comparator

  1. Systemic analgesia (N = 20)


Induction: fentanyl, midazolam, and pancuronium
Maintenance: fentanyl and propofol
Surgery: CABG, classified as with CPB
Outcomes Relevant to this review

  1. Risk of mortality

  2. Risk of myocardial infarction (postoperative troponin I and CK‐MB values)

  3. Risk of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (numbers in Table taken as numbers of participants)

  4. Tracheal extubation

  5. Pain scores after surgery

  6. Haemodynamic variables


Others

  1. Supplemental analgesia

  2. ICU length of stay

  3. Hospital length of stay

  4. Postoperative blood losses

  5. Intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusions
Notes Conflict of interest: no conflict of interest
Correspondence: information received from study authors
DOI: 10.4274/haseki.2163
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Prospectively randomized; no details
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Quote: "only the anaesthesiologist knew the treatment group"
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes High risk Quote: "the study was not blinded"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 All outcomes High risk Quote: "the study was not blinded"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk No loss to follow‐up
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Low risk All results provided
Other bias Low risk Analysed in intention‐to‐treat
Groups well balanced