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. 2019 Mar 1;2019(3):CD006715. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006715.pub3

Dohle 2001.

Methods Parallel RCT
Ethics committee: approved
Informed consents: obtained
Site: New Delhi, India
Setting: university hospital
Dates of data collection: not reported
Funding: unspecified
Registration: unspecified
Participants 41 participants, for participants included in the analysis: mean age: 56 years; sex distribution: 7 females and 33 males
Inclusion criteria

  1. Consenting patients undergoing minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery


Exclusion criteria

  1. Ejection fraction 35%, with an anomaly of the vertebral column

  2. Receiving heparin

  3. Receiving antiplatelet medications within the last week

  4. With significant respiratory disease

  5. Requiring inotropic support or intra‐aortic balloon counterpulsation
Interventions Intervention

  1. Thoracic epidural analgesia (N = 21)


Comparator

  1. Paravertebral blockade (N = 20)


Premedication: lorazepam and morphine
Induction and maintenance: midazolam, fentanyl (total dose 5 mcg/kg), nitrous oxide, isoflurane, and vecuronium
Surgery: off‐pump CABG
Outcomes Relevant to this review

  1. Risk of myocardial infarction

  2. Tracheal extubation

  3. Risk of serious neurological complications from epidural analgesia

  4. Pain scores

  5. Haemodynamic variables


Others

  1. Respiratory function
Notes Correspondence: email sent 16 March 2018; no reply
Conflict of interest: not reported
DOI: 10.1053/jcan.2001.23271
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Quote: "randomized study"; no details provided
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Not reported
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Not reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk Quote: "an independent observer who was blinded to the analgesia technique recorded"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk One failed epidural
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Low risk All results reported
Other bias Low risk Not in intention‐to‐treat
Groups had similar demographic data