Lenkutis 2009.

Methods	Parallel RCT Ethics committee: approved by the local Ethics Committee of Kaunas Medical University Informed consents: obtained the day before surgery Site: Clinic of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Kaunas University Hospital, Kaunas, Lithuania Setting: university hospital Dates of data collection: unspecified Funding: unspecified Registration: unspecified
Participants	60 participants; mean age: 65.4 years; sex distribution: 27 females and 33 males Inclusion criteria New York Heart Association class II to III and ASA class III participants, Presenting with double‐ or triple‐vessel disease LVEF > 50% Undergoing CABG surgery with CPB. Exclusion criteria Pulmonary or neuromuscular disease Abnormal preoperative chest radiograph or preoperative respiratory status
Interventions	Intervention Epidural analgesia (N = 30) Comparator Systemic analgesia (N = 30) Premedication: midazolam and morphine Induction: fentanyl, midazolam, etomidate, and rocuronium Maintenance: sevoflurane, midazolam, and fentanyl for the systemic analgesia group Surgery: CABG with CPB using a hollow‐fibre membranous oxygenator
Outcomes	Relevant to this review Tracheal extubation Others Global end‐diastolic volume index Intrathoracic blood volume index Extravascular lung water index
Notes	Correspondence: email sent 16 March 2018; no reply Conflict of interest: not reported DOI: 10.1177/0267659109348724
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomized; no details provided
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No loss to follow‐up
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All results reported
Other bias	Low risk	No failed epidural reported Groups well balanced