Table 3.
Regression Models for Past-Year DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder Severity as a Function of Sexual Orientation Discrimination: Subpopulation of U.S. Sexual Minorities Asked About Sexual Orientation Discrimination
| Linear Regression | Negative Binomial Regression (log link) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: Past-Year DSM-5 AUD Severity as a function of Past-Year Sexual Orientation Discrimination; n = 3,463 | Model 2: Past-Year DSM-5 AUD Severity as a function of PPY Sexual Orientation Discrimination; n = 3,460 | Model 3: Past-Year DSM-5 AUD Severity as a function of Past-Year Sexual Orientation Discrimination; n = 3,463 | Model 4: Past-Year DSM-5 AUD Severity as a function of PPY Sexual Orientation Discrimination; n = 3,460 | |
| Covariates | Estimated Coefficient [95% CI] | Estimated Coefficient [95% CI] | Estimated Coefficient [95% CI] | Estimated Coefficient [95% CI] |
| Intercept | 0.02 [−0.24, 0.28] | 0.01 [−0.25, 0.27] | −1.99 [−2.53, −1.44]** | −2.00 [−2.56, −1.44]** |
| Sexual orientation discrimination scale1 | 0.07 [0.02, 0.12]* | 0.04 [<0.01, 0.07] | 0.06 [0.02, 0.10]* | 0.04 [0.01, 0.07] |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | — | — | — | — |
| Female | −0.12 [−0.30, 0.06] | −0.12 [−0.30, 0.06] | −0.19 [−0.35, −0.03] | −0.19 [−0.35, −0.03] |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | — | — | — | — |
| Black | 0.18 [−0.06, 0.42] | 0.19 [−0.05, 0.44] | 0.12 [−0.08, 0.33] | 0.14 [−0.07, 0.34] |
| Hispanic | −0.06 [−0.28, 0.16] | −0.04 [−0.26, 0.18] | −0.17 [−0.38, 0.04] | −0.16 [−0.37, 0.05] |
| Other | −0.01 [−0.28, 0.27] | <0.01 [−0.27, 0.27] | −0.08 [−0.37, 0.21] | −0.06 [−0.35, 0.22] |
| Age | ||||
| 65+ | — | — | — | — |
| 45–64 | 0.32 [0.15, 0.48]** | 0.33 [0.16, 0.49]** | 1.21 [0.76, 1.65]** | 1.22 [0.78, 1.65]** |
| 25–44 | 0.73 [0.55, 0.91]** | 0.74 [0.56, 0.92]** | 1.65 [1.20, 2.09]** | 1.66 [1.22, 2.10]** |
| 18–24 | 1.04 [0.83, 1.25]** | 1.06 [0.85, 1.28]** | 1.88 [1.44, 2.32]** | 1.90 [1.47, 2.34]** |
| Education | ||||
| HS or Less | — | — | — | — |
| GED/Some Coll. | 0.18 [−0.01, 0.38] | 0.18 [−0.02, 0.37] | 0.19 [0.02, 0.36] | 0.18 [0.01, 0.36] |
| College Grad + | 0.13 [−0.09, 0.34] | 0.11 [−0.10, 0.33] | 0.15 [−0.05, 0.36] | 0.13 [−0.07, 0.34] |
| Urbanicity | ||||
| Urban | — | — | — | — |
| Rural | −0.21 [−0.45, 0.03] | −0.21 [−0.45, 0.03] | −0.29 [−0.60, 0.03] | −0.28 [−0.60, 0.03] |
| Geographical region | ||||
| Northeast | — | — | — | — |
| Midwest | −0.05 [−0.32, 0.21] | −0.04 [−0.31, 0.22] | −0.02 [−0.29, 0.26] | −0.01 [−0.29, 0.26] |
| South | −0.22 [−0.47, 0.03] | −0.21 [−0.46, 0.04] | −0.15 [−0.37, 0.07] | −0.14 [−0.37, 0.09] |
| West | −0.01 [−0.26, 0.25] | −0.01 [−0.26, 0.25] | 0.08 [−0.16, 0.31] | 0.07 [−0.17, 0.31] |
| Any other past-year substance use disorder (SUD)2 | ||||
| No past-year SUD | — | — | — | — |
| Any other past-year SUD | 1.31 [1.08, 1.55]** | 1.32 [1.09, 1.56]** | 1.05 [0.88, 1.23]** | 1.06 [0.88, 1.23]** |
| Lifetime conduct or antisocial disorder3 | ||||
| No disorder | — | — | — | — |
| Conduct/antisocial disorder | 0.80 [0.31, 1.29]* | 0.81 [0.32, 1.30]* | 0.40 [0.16, 0.64]* | 0.39 [0.15, 0.64]* |
| Household history of substance problem by parent/adult | ||||
| No household history | — | — | — | — |
| Yes household history | 0.11 [−0.12, 0.34] | 0.10 [−0.13, 0.33] | 0.15 [−0.03, 0.34] | 0.16 [−0.03, 0.34] |
| Don’t know/missing/other | −0.20 [−1.16, 0.76] | −0.20 [−1.16, 0.76] | −0.57 [−1.58, 0.44] | −0.58 [−1.59, 0.43] |
| Overdispersion Parameter (for Negative Binomial models)4 | 2.80 [2.49, 3.15]** | 2.82 [2.50, 3.17]** | ||
| R-squared (for Linear Regression Models) | 0.163 | 0.161 | ||
Notes. 95% CI = confidence interval.
The sexual orientation discrimination scale in model 1 and model 3 consisted of past-year sexual orientation discrimination experiences (0–24) while the sexual orientation discrimination scale in model 2 and model 4 consisted of prior-to-past-year sexual orientation discrimination experiences (0–24).
Any other past-year DSM-5 other substance use disorder consisted of cannabis, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogen, inhalant, prescription opioid, sedative/tranquilizer, stimulant, and/or other drug use disorder (e.g., ecstasy, ketamine).
DSM-5 conduct/antisocial personality disorder consisted of lifetime conduct disorder and/or antisocial personality disorder.
The overdispersion parameter captures the amount of additional variance above and beyond a Poisson distribution (where the mean of the DV is equal to the variance); if the reported confidence interval does not include zero, this suggests that the Negative Binomial model provides a better fit to the observed count data than the Poisson model.
= reference group.
p <= 0.01
p <= 0.001.