. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Matern Child Health J. 2019 Mar;23(3):397–407. doi: 10.1007/s10995-018-02705-0

Table 2.

Percent change (with 95% confidence intervals) in maternal hormone concentrations in relation to maternal characteristics in the TIDES study. Each column shows results from multivariable models adjusted for all variables shown in the rows.

Variables	E1 (pg/ml)	E2 (pg/ml)	E3 (pg/ml)	Total T (ng/dl)	Free T (ng/dl)

	N=511	n=511	N=509	n=513	n=507

Age (yrs)	−1.52(−2.95, −0.07)^*	−1.60(−2.78, −0.40)^**	0.62(−0.43, 1.68)	−2.12 (−2.98, −1.24)^***	−1.27(−2.16, −0.37)^**

Parous	−12.61(−23.54, −0.13)^*	−17.99(−26.57, −8.40)^***	−4.36(−13.09, 5.25)	−13.76 (−20.49, −6.46)^***	−16.41(−23.09, −9.16)^***

BMI (kg/m2)	−2.34(−3.40, −1.27)^***	−1.57(−2.45, −0.68)^***	−1.03(−1.80, −0.26)^**	1.27 (0.61, 1.95)^***	2.22(1.53, 2.91)^***

Race¹
White	−16.28(−33.98, 6.16)	−18.03(−32.66, −0.22)^*	0.41(−15.30, 19.03)	−29.48(−38.98, −18.51)^***	−29.37(−39.07, −18.13)^***
Other	−4.84 (−26.09, 22.52)	−3.97 (−22.10, 18.38)	7.27(−10.49, 28.56)	−18.86 (−30.46, −5.31^**	−18.25(−30.16, −4.32)^*

Fetal sex²	7.04(−5.73, 21.53)	4.92(−5.56, 16.55)	−3.54(−11.94, 5.67)	2.42 (−5.19, 10.64)	0.57(−7.09, 8.86)

Gestational age at blood draw (wks)	17.79(14.60, 21.18)^***	17.57(14.84, 20.37)^***	30.25(27.62, 32.93)^***	2.56(0.80, 4.35)^**	−2.82(−4.53, −1.09)^**

Study center³	−30.90(−44.39, −14.13)^***	−16.70(−30.42, −0.28)^*	3.60(−11.35, 21.06) 12.92(−4.28, 33.21) −10.94(−22.64, 2.54)	10.84(−2.88, 26.50)	34.77(17.71, 54.31)^***
Minnesota, MN	−35.83(−49.05, −19.19)^***	−20.39(−34.23, −3.65)^*		22.91 (6.79, 41.45)^**	55.44(34.68, 79.39)^***
Rochester, NY	−0.37 (−18.14, 21.27)	6.58(−9.42, 25.41)		27.80 (13.39, 44.04)^***	96.47 (73.89, 121.97)^***
Seattle, WA

= p<0.05;

^**

=p<0.01;

^***

=p<0.001

Reference group=Black.

Reference group=female.

Reference group=San Francisco, CA study center.