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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2018 Oct 1;198:3–26. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.036

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6.

Engineered disease models of cardiac fibrosis. A) An engineered cardiac tissue model of fibrotic myocardium based on modulation of CM and myofibroblast volume fractions. The fibrotic EHTs were constructed by encapsulating chicken embryonic cardiomyocytes and myofibroblasts in Type I rat tail collagen. The fibrotic tissue models were generated by replacing cardiomyocytes with myofibroblasts. B) The effects of cellular composition on impulse conduction in this fibrotic model. The CM and myofibroblast volume fractions determined the impulse propagation velocity [309]. C) A simplified 3D hydrogel platform to study cardiac fibrosis. Primary neonatal rat CMs and CFs were encapsulated within a GelMA-based pre-polymer solution to generate in vitro EHTs. Cell-laden hydrogel was placed into a customized UV-chamber and subsequently crosslinked by UV light. The fibrotic EHTs were treated by TGF-β1 [310]. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [309,310]).