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. 2019 Mar 1;9:3273. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40295-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Experimental setup based on the KINARM upper limb exoskeleton device. (a) Participants put their arms on the gravity-support platforms, with the hands holding the handrails. The augmented-reality screen displayed the paradigm projected by the monitor. (b) The relative position of the participant and the circle position. The white fixation cross is presented at the midline of participants. The yellow arrows inside the circle path were used to indicate the required movement direction. The red bar indicates the starting hand position for the task.