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. 2019 Mar 1;9:3254. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35737-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Body weight, spleen index changes of mice. (a) Experimental design. There were 18 mice per group when the experiment began, and 6 mice per group were sacrificed to collect blood, spleen and intestine when at PND21, thus there were 12 mice per group immunized by OVA and sacrificed in the end of this study. ip., intraperitoneal, q.d., one time per day. (b,c) Fold changes of murine body weight at PND7, 14, and 21 verse birth were calculated and taken as the growth rate before weaning. Fold changes of murine body weight at PND28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 verse PND21 were calculated and taken as the growth rate after weaning (n = 6–12/group). (d,e) To evaluate the development of immune organ after neonatal antibiotics or probiotic treatment, the spleen index of mice at PND 21 was calculated. Organ index of spleen is displayed by the ratio of the respective mass of spleen to the body weight at PND21/PND56 (n = 6/group). mg: milligram, g: gram. The two ends of the horizontal line represent the two compared groups, the asterisk on the line represents significant difference between groups, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, for intergroup comparisons. TMC3115, Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115; Ceftri, Ceftriaxone; Vanco, Vancomycin. PND, postnatal day.