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. 2019 Mar 1;9:3289. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39772-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mechanisms of stem cell mobilization. (A) Serum levels of CXCL12 in septic shock patients and healthy volunteers. (B) Plasma concentrations of S1P in septic shock and in controls. (C) The chemotactic activity of septic plasma was evaluated using a Transwell migration assay on human bone marrow cells. The migration of all nucleated cells, CD34+CD38− HSCs and CD34+CD38+ HPCs was analyzed. The results were normalized to the number of cells that migrated to the normal human plasma (n = 5). (D) Migration of bone marrow cells that were preincubated in 100 nM S1P or medium only for 60 minutes before the chemotaxis assay. The concentration of mediators was compared using Mann-Whitney U test (A,B) and comparisons between multiple groups were performed using Anova with Dunnet’s multiple comparison test (C,D) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001.