Table 1.

Echocardiographic findings of three groups at baseline, after 4 and 8 wk

	Control					Exercise					TAC
	Baseline	4 wk	P	8 wk	P	Baseline	4 wk	P	8 wk	P	Baseline	4 wk	P	8 wk	P
HR, beats/min	415 ± 41	410 ± 20	NS	404 ± 20	NS	425 ± 47	419 ± 35	NS	412 ± 35	NS	402 ± 39	411 ± 22	NS	421 ± 22	NS
PW, mm	0.66 ± 0.03	0.7 ± 0.05	NS	0.70 ± 0.04	NS	0.66 ± 0.05	0.75 ± 0.03	0.002	0.81 ± 0.03	0.001	0.63 ± 0.05	0.93 ± 0.04	0.001	1.13 ± 0.06	0.001
LVEDD, mm	4.3 ± 0.2	4.4 ± 0.3	NS	4.4 ± 0.2	NS	4.1 ± 0.1	4.7 ± 0.2	0.002	4.7 ± 0.4	0.002	4.5 ± 0.2	4.47 ± 0.3	NS	4.47 ± 0.3	NS
RWT, mm	0.31 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.04	NS	0.31 ± 0.02	NS	0.32 ± 0.02	0.35 ± 0.03	NS	0.39 ± 0.03	0.01	0.31 ± 0.02	0.41 ± 0.03	0.002	0.5 ± 0.06	0.001
LV area, mm2	13.8 ± 0.6	13.9 ± 0.7	NS	13.9 ± 0.7	NS	13.5 ± 0.7	16.1 ± 0.6	0.002	19.7 ± 0.9	0.001	14.4 ± 0.4	13.9 ± 0.6	NS	13.9 ± 0.6	NS
EF, %	60.2 ± 0.9	60.3 ± 0.4	NS	59.1 ± 0.8	NS	58.0 ± 0.2	59.3 ± 0.3	NS	60.5 ± 0.5	NS	59.4 ± 0.6	53.8 ± 0.5	NS	44.6 ± 0.9	0.001
E/A	1.89 ± 0.8	1.91 ± 0.6	NS	1.92 ± 0.9	NS	1.91 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.7	NS	2 ± 0.9	NS	1.9 ± 0.7	2.1 ± 0.5	NS	2.9 ± 0.8	0.001
E′/A′	1.45 ± 0.2	1.64 ± 0.3	NS	1.61 ± 0.3	NS	1.46 ± 0.3	1.65 ± 0.4	NS	1.55 ± 0.3	NS	1.6 ± 0.6	1.57 ± 0.2	NS	1.5 ± 0.5	NS
E/E′	32.3 ± 5.2	32.5 ± 6.1	NS	32.8 ± 3.8	NS	31.2 ± 4.9	30.4 ± 5.7	NS	28.2 ± 5.0	NS	32.6 ± 3.7	33.5 ± 6.3	NS	37 ± 6.2	0.002
s′, mm/s	20.1 ± 4.2	20.7 ± 3.1	NS	20.9 ± 5.1	NS	19.6 ± 4.1	27.8 ± 5.4	0.046	29.2 ± 2.3	0.001	21 ± 3.6	18.7 ± 4.6	NS	17 ± 4.2	0.04

Values are means ± SE. HR, heart rate; PW, posterior wall; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; RWT, relative wall thickness; LV, left ventricle; EF, ejection fraction; NS, nonsignificant.