Table 1.

Intraosseous Xenograft Models of Prostate

Cell Line	Origin	Type of Bone Metastasis	Androgen Sensitive	PSA	PAP	CK	Model System	References
VCaP	Vertebral metastasis from 59-y-old Caucasian male	Osteoblastic	Yes	Yes	Yes	8 and 18	Intraosseous SCID models	Korenchuk et al. [14]
LNCaP	Supraclavicular lymph node metastasis from 50-y-old Caucasian male	Osteoblastic	Yes	Yes	Yes	8 and 18	Intracardiac, intraosseous, orthotopic NOD- SCID, and SCID models	Horoszewicz et al. [15], Thalmann et al. [16], Wu et al. [17], Simmons et al. [18]
LNCaP-C4-2B	Highly metastatic variant of LNCaP; isolated from LNCaP xenograft metastatic lesion	Osteoblastic	Yes	Yes	Yes	8	Intraosseous and subcutaneous NOD-SCID and SCID models	Thalmann et al. [16], Wu et al., Simmons et al. [18]
DU145	Brain metastasis from 69-y-old Caucasian male	Osteolytic	No	No	Yes	8	Intraosseous NOD-SCID and SCID models	Stone et al. [19]
PC3	Bone metastasis from 62-y-old Caucasian male	Osteolytic	No	No	No	7, 8, 18, 19	Intracardiac, intraosseous, intravenous, orthotopic, and subcutaneous SCID and NOD-SCID models	Simmons et al. [18], Kaighn et al. [20]
PC3M	Highly metastatic variant of PC3; isolated from PC3 xenograft metastatic lesion	Osteolytic	No	No	No	18	Intracardiac, orthotopic, and intraosseous NOD-SCID models	Simmons et al. [18]