Fig. 1.

DDA identified dynamical state changes preceding each of the ADR complex components. (A) NCSs demonstrated robust MMN, P3a, and RON components as shown in the heat map of the individual subject difference (deviant tone ERP − standard tone ERP) average signals (Upper). All three components of the ADR (MMN, P3a, and RON) can be appreciated in the group-level average signals (Lower). (B) DDA $a_3$ coefficient values averaged within each subject revealed significantly decreased $a_3$ in the SZ patients (Upper). As with the ERP results, the DDA group averages displayed three components with homologous waveform morphology and severity of deficits in SZ, but the DDA components (numbered 1–3 in Lower) preceded their corresponding ERP peaks identified in A by 71, 54, and 82 ms, respectively. The shaded regions in the group average signals represent group differences that are statistically significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons (false discovery rate). Cohen’s d, t values, and degrees of freedom are shown in SI Appendix, Fig. S9.