Table 3.
The effect of age on methylation of specific CpG sites in the genome.
| Age | Sex | Tissue/cell type | Method | CpG sites |
References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Sites Studied | Total changed | Hyper-methylated | Hypo-methylated | |||||
| Humansa | ||||||||
| 19–101 | M & F | Blood | Array | 485,577 | 70,387 (14.5%) | _ | – | Hannum et al., 2013 |
| 34–61 | M | PBMC | Array | 463,228 | 10,625 (2.3%) | 7081 | 3544 | Steegenga et al., 2014 |
| 28–64 | M & F | Liver | Array | 455,526 | 20,396 (4.4%) | 19,548 | 848 | Bysani et al., 2017 |
| Miceb | ||||||||
| 4 & 24 | M (C57Bl/6) | HSC | WGBS | ~20 million | 448,166 (2.2%) | 275,622 | 172,543 | Sun et al., 2014 |
| 3 & 24 | M (C57Bl/6) | Hippocampus | BOCS | ~3 million | 36,170 (1.2%) | 21,295 | 14,294 | Masser et al., 2017 |
| 3 & 24 | F (C57Bl/6) | Hippocampus | BOCS | ~ 3 million | 48,410 (1.6%) | 27,987 | 19,842 | Masser et al., 2017 |
| 5 & 27 | F (C3B6F1) | Liver | BS-Seq | ~29 million | 79,400 (0.3%) | 48,625 | 30,775 | Hahn et al., 2017 |
| 2 & 22 | M (UM-Het3) | Liver | WGBS | ~ 21 million | 49,899 * | 14,365* | 35,534* | Cole et al., 2017 |
| 3 & 24 | M (C57Bl/6) | Hippocampus | BOCS | ~2 million | 41,585 (2.0%) | 26,180 | 15,425 | Hadad et al., 2018 |
M&F–samplesfrom malesand femalescombined fordata generation
a
humanageinyears
b
mouseage inmonths;WGBS- WholeGenomeBisulfiteSequencing;BOCS-BisulfiteoligonucleotideCapture Sequencing; BS-Seq-Bisulfite Sequencing; Array-Illumi na BeadChip
*
- numbers represent differential methylated regionsand not CpG sites.