Table 4.
Drug assessment n (%)
| Group | Drug-induced colitis, n = 211 | Non-inflammatory controls, n = 211 | Inflammatory controls, n = 211 |
| Betablocker | 97 (46.0) | 78 (37.0) | 83 (39.3) |
| ACE inhibitors | 70 (33.2) | 55 (26.1) | 62 (29.4) |
| Angiotensin II inhibitors | 20 (9.5)b1 | 24 (11.4) | 6 (2.8)b3 |
| Non-Dihydropyridines | 1 (0.5)a1 | 6 (2.8) | 7 (3.3) |
| Dihydropyridines | 34 (16.1)a1 | 27 (12.8) | 20 (9.5) |
| Diuretics | 55 (26.1)b1 | 29 (13.7)b2 | 33 (15.7) |
| Benzothiazines | 28 (13.3) | 33 (15.6) | 24 (11.4) |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 13 (6.2) | 13 (6.2) | 12 (5.7) |
| Nitrates | 7 (3.3) | 13 (6.2) | 5 (2.4) |
| Antiarrhythmic drugs | 7 (3.3) | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) |
| Glycosides | 10 (4.7) | 2 (0.9)a2 | 8 (3.8) |
| ASS (100 mg to 300 mg) | 67 (31.8)b1 | 47 (22.3)a2 | 40 (19.0) |
| Platelet aggregation inhibitors | 20 (9.5)b1 | 10 (4.7) | 6 (2.8) |
| NSAIDs | 35 (16.6)b1 | 21 (10.0)a2 | 8 (3.8)a3 |
| Metamizole | 21 (10.0) | 16 (7.6) | 21 (10.0) |
| Potassium | 4 (1.9) | 3 (1.4) | 6 (2.8) |
| Vitman K antagonists/coumarin derivates | 16 (7.6) | 9 (4.3) | 11 (5.2) |
| Direct thrombin inhibitors | 6 (2.8) | 2 (0.9) | 4 (1.9) |
| Glucocorticosteroids | 13 (6.2)b1 | 14 (6.6) | 41 (19.4)b3 |
| Opioids | 20 (9.5) | 22 (10.4) | 23 (10.9) |
| Metformin | 8 (3.8) | 16 (7.6) | 4 (1.9)b3 |
| Insulin | 17 (8.1) | 15 (7.1) | 17 (8.1) |
| Statins | 56 (26.5)a1 | 42 (19.9) | 38 (18.0) |
| Fibrates | 7 (3.3)a1 | 1 (0.5)a2 | 1 (0.5) |
| Levothyroxine | 25 (11.8) | 39 (18.5) | 22 (10.4)a3 |
| Thyreostatics | 3 (1.4) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (0.5) |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 100 (47.4) | 85 (40.3) | 81 (38.4) |
| Penicillin derivates | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) |
| Macrolides | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) |
| Gyrase inhibitor | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Carbapenems | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Imidazoles | 3 (1.4) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) |
| Cephalosporins | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) |
| Antbiotics | 4 (1.9) | 5 (2.4) | 3 (1.4) |
| SSRIs | 14 (6.6) | 5 (2.4)a2 | 16 (7.6)a3 |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 7 (3.3) | 10 (4.7) | 7 (3.3) |
| Neuroleptics | 5 (2.4) | 8 (3.8) | 6 (2.8) |
| Sedatives | 16 (7.6) | 16 (7.6) | 16 (7.6) |
| Others | 127 (60.2)a1 | 125 (59.2) | 147 (69.7)a3 |
| Number of drugsb | 4.5 ± 2.8 | 3.9 ± 3.0a2 | 3.9 ± 3.2 |
1
Drug-induced colitis vs inflammatory controls.
2
Drug-induced colitis vs non-inflammatory controls.
3
Non-inflammatory controls vs inflammatory controls.
a
P < 0.05.
b
P < 0.01.
Statistical analysis was carried out with χ2 test (a) or t-test (b). NSAIDs : Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SSRIs: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme.