Table 1. Demographics and characteristics between respondents with and without GERD (n = 5,680).
| Variables | With GERD (n = 614) | Without GERD (n = 5,066) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2)1 | 21.55 ± 5.64 | 21.55 ± 5.72 | 0.983 |
| Age, n (%)2 | 40.84 ± 13.57 | 38.63 ± 16.09 | <0.001* |
| Under 18 years | 54 (8.8%) | 907 (17.9%) | <0.001* |
| 18–30 years | 101 (16.4%) | 1,260 (24.9%) | |
| 30–40 years | 233 (37.9%) | 1,235 (24.4%) | |
| 40–50 years | 179 (29.2%) | 894 (17.6%) | |
| Over 50 years | 47 (7.7%) | 770 (15.2%) | |
| Gender, n (%)2 | 0.210 | ||
| Male | 354 (57.7%) | 2,786 (55.0%) | |
| Female | 260 (42.3%) | 2,280 (45.0%) | |
| Education level, n (%)2 | <0.001* | ||
| Primary | 139 (22.6%) | 1,397 (27.6%) | |
| High school | 305 (49.7%) | 2,824 (55.7%) | |
| University | 170 (27.7%) | 845 (16.7%) | |
| Ethnic group, n (%)2 | <0.001* | ||
| Tibetan | 398 (64.8%) | 1,691 (33.4%) | |
| Han | 114 (18.6%) | 1,965 (38.8%) | |
| Others | 102 (16.6%) | 1,410 (27.8%) | |
| Altitude of residence, n (%)2 | <0.001* | ||
| 2.5–3.0 km | 59 (9.6%) | 578 (11.4%) | |
| 3.0–3.5 km | 171 (27.9%) | 1,725 (34.1%) | |
| 3.5–4.0 km | 268 (43.6%) | 2,071 (40.9%) | |
| 4.0–4.5 km | 116 (18.9%) | 692 (13.7%) | |
| Length of Residence, n (%)2 | <0.001* | ||
| <5 years | 338 (55.0%) | 2,144 (42.3%) | |
| ≥5 years | 276 (45.0%) | 2,922 (57.7%) | |
| Drinking, n (%)2 | |||
| Coffee | 280 (45.6%) | 2,146 (42.4%) | 0.125 |
| Buttered tea | 336 (54.7%) | 2,808 (55.4%) | 0.740 |
| Sweet tea | 427 (69.5%) | 2,527 (49.9%) | <0.001* |
| Alcohol, n (%)2 | |||
| Beer | 312 (50.8%) | 2,539 (50.1%) | 0.745 |
| White wine | 289 (47.1%) | 2,515 (49.6%) | 0.228 |
| Red wine | 277 (45.1%) | 2,129 (42.0%) | 0.144 |
| Barley wine | 332 (54.1%) | 2,477 (48.9%) | 0.015* |
| Smoking, n (%)2 | 0.837 | ||
| Yes | 306 (49.8%) | 2,519 (49.7%) | |
| No | 308 (50.2%) | 2,547 (50.3%) | |
| Dried meat, n (%)2 | 0.042* | ||
| Yes | 335 (54.6%) | 2,522 (49.8%) | |
| No | 279 (45.4%) | 2,544 (50.2%) | |
| Staying up late, n (%)2 | 0.021* | ||
| Yes | 334 (54.4%) | 2,506 (49.5%) | |
| No | 280 (45.6%) | 2,560 (50.5%) | |
| No breakfast, n (%)2 | 0.735 | ||
| Yes | 307 (50.0%) | 2,499 (49.3%) | |
| No | 307 (50.0%) | 2,567 (50.7%) | |
| Family history of GERD, n (%)2 | 0.084 | ||
| Yes | 326 (53.1%) | 2,503 (49.4%) | |
| No | 288 (46.9%) | 2,563 (50.6%) | |
| Medical history, n (%)2 | |||
| Pharyngitis | 309 (50.3%) | 2,494 (49.2%) | 0.608 |
| Asthma | 294 (47.9%) | 2,541 (50.2%) | 0.287 |
| Precordial pain | 311 (50.7%) | 2,549 (50.3%) | 0.875 |
| Constipation | 291 (47.4%) | 2,620 (51.7%) | 0.043* |
| Indigestion | 364 (59.3%) | 2,587 (51.1%) | <0.001* |
| Diabetes mellitus | 30 (4.9%) | 287 (5.7%) | 0.427 |
| Tuberculosis | 299 (48.7%) | 2,515 (49.6%) | 0.657 |
| Hydatid disease | 318 (51.8%) | 2,569 (50.7%) | 0.613 |
| Hepatitis B | 288 (49.3%) | 2,385 (51.3%) | 0.376 |
| Gastric disease, n (%)2 | 0.322 | ||
| Polypus | 164 (26.7%) | 1,246 (24.6%) | |
| Superficial gastritis | 167 (27.2%) | 1,284 (25.3%) | |
| Reflux gastritis | 140 (22.8%) | 1,241 (24.5%) | |
| Ulcer | 143 (23.3%) | 1,295 (25.6%) |
Notes:
P-values were based on 1independent two sample t-test and 2Chi-square.
Data were displayed as 1mean ± standard deviation or 2numbers (percentage).
An asterisk indicated a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).