Table 1.
Tissue sources of mesenchymal stem cells
| Tissue sources | MSCs | Ref. |
| Bone marrow | BM-MSCs | [115] |
| Adipose | Ad-MSCs | [116] |
| Placenta | Pl-MSCs | [117] |
| Skin | S-MSCs | [118] |
| Umbilical cord blood | UCB-MSCs | [119] |
| Umbilical cord perivascular cells | UCPVC-MSCs | [120] |
| Umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly | WJ-MSCs | [121] |
| Amniotic fluid | AF-MSCs | [122] |
| Synovial membrane | SM-MSCs | [123] |
| Breast milk | M-MSCs | [124] |
| Alveolar epithelium (lung) | AE-MSCs | [125] |
| Myocardium (heart) | Myo-MSCs | [126] |
| Menstrual blood | Men-MSCs | [127] |
| Endometrium | En-MSCs | [128] |
MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; BM-MSCs: Bone marrow MSCs; Ad-MSCs: Adipose MSCs; UCB-MSCs: Umbilical cord blood MSCs.