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. 2019 Feb 25;10:53. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00053

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Copyright © 2019 Nemmar, Al-Salam, Beegam, Yuvaraju and Ali.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Thrombotic occlusion time in pial arterioles (A) and venules (B) in mice at the end of 1 month exposure period to either air (n = 8) or water-pipe smoke (WPS, n = 7) or gum Arabic (GA) administration (15% w/v in the drinking water) + air (n = 8) or GA + WPS (n = 7). Data are mean ± SEM.