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. 2019 Feb 25;6:30. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00030

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Copyright © 2019 Eguchi, Franz, Kobayashi, Iwasa, Wagner, Hildebrand, Takei, Marzi and Relja.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in trauma patients. Upon admission of severely injured trauma patients to the emergency department (ED) up to 10 days after admission, AST, ALT, and GGT were measured. Ratio of AST to ALT is shown (A) and GGT levels (B). EtOH, ethanol; EtOH with LI, alcohol drinkers with liver injury; EtOH w/o LI, alcohol drinkers without liver injury; no EtOH, non-drinkers. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ^*p < 0.05 in a, EtOH with LI vs. no EtOH; b, EtOH w/o LI vs. no EtOH; and c, EtOH with LI vs. EtOH w/o LI.