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. 2019 Feb 25;10:132. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00132

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Copyright © 2019 Malaguarnera, Llansola, Balzano, Gómez-Giménez, Antúnez-Muñoz, Martínez-Alarcón, Mahdinia and Felipo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of bicuculline on microglia activation in CA1 region of the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry was performed as indicated in Section “Materials and Methods” using antibody against Iba1. Representative images of microglial activation (A) are shown. Scale bar = 50 um. The perimeter of microglia stained with Iba1 was quantified as described in methods as a measure of microglia activation. (B) Data are the mean ± SEM of 10 rats per group. Values significantly different from control rats are indicated by asterisks. ^∗p ≤ 0.05. CV, control vehicle; CB, control treated with bicuculline; HV, hyperammonemic rats with vehicle; HB, hyperammonemic rats treated with bicuculline. ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.