Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of HIV/AIDS patient with PCP in the study cohort.
| Variables | Total n=1001 |
Derivation cohort n=801 |
Validation cohort n=200 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| ⩾50 | 188 (18.8%) | 156 (19.5%) | 32 (16.0%) | 0.260 |
| <50 | 813 (81.2%) | 645 (80.5%) | 168 (84.0%) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 77 (7.7%) | 61 (7.6%) | 16 (8.0%) | 0.855 |
| Male | 924 (92.3%) | 740 (92.4%) | 184 (92.0%) | |
| Transmission route | ||||
| Homosexual | 94 (9.4%) | 71 (8.9%) | 23 (11.5%) | 0.484 |
| Heterosexual | 272 (27.2%) | 218 (27.2%) | 54 (27.0%) | |
| Blood transfusion | 11 (1.1%) | 7 (0.9%) | 4 (2.0%) | |
| Intravenous drug | 7 (0.7%) | 6 (0.7%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Unknown | 617 (61.6%) | 499 (62.3%) | 118 (59.0%) | |
| Marriage | ||||
| Married | 542 (54.1%) | 439 (54.8%) | 103 (51.5%) | 0.401 |
| Unmarried | 459 (45.9%) | 362 (45.3%) | 97 (48.5%) | |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| HGB (g/L) | ||||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 120 (107, 133) | 120 (107, 134) | 119.7(107.3, 131) | 0.403 |
| >90g/L | 918 (91.7%) | 737 (92.0%) | 181 (90.5%) | 0.488 |
| ≦90g/L | 83 (8.3%) | 64 (8.0%) | 19 (9.5%) | |
| ALB) (g/L) | ||||
| Median (Q1, Q3 | 31.8(28.3, 34.8) | 31.7(28.3, 34.9) | 32.1(28.5, 34.6) | 0.539 |
| >30g/L | 646 (64.5%) | 519 (64.8%) | 127 (63.5%) | 0.732 |
| ⩽30g/L | 355 (35.5%) | 282 (35.2%) | 73 (36.5%) | |
| CD4 (cells/ul) | ||||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 21 (10, 47) | 35.2 (10, 46) | 41.6 (9, 53.8) | 0.082 |
| >50cells/ul | 236 (23.6%) | 183 (22.8%) | 53 (26.5%) | 0.276 |
| ≦50cells/ul | 765 (76.4%) | 618 (77.2%) | 147 (73.5%) | |
| LDH (IU/L) | ||||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 334.1(252.8, 456.5) | 336.8(251.4, 457.1) | 321.8(259.2, 449.2) | 0.198 |
| ⩾350 IU/L | 456 (45.6%) | 372 (46.4%) | 84 (42.0%) | 0.259 |
| <350 IU/L | 545 (54.4%) | 429 (53.6%) | 116 (58.0%) | |
| Partial pressure of oxygen | ||||
| >70mmHg | 541 (54.0%) | 434 (54.2%) | 107 (53.5%) | 0.863 |
| ⩽70mmHg | 460 (46.0%) | 367 (45.8%) | 93 (46.5%) | |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Respiratory rate | ||||
| ⩾30 times/min | 142 (14.2%) | 115 (14.4%) | 27 (13.5%) | 0.756 |
| <30 times/min | 859 (85.8%) | 686 (85.6%) | 173 (86.5%) | |
| Heart rate | ||||
| ⩾130 times/min | 58 (5.8%) | 42 (5.2%) | 16 (8.0%) | 0.136 |
| <130 times/min | 943 (94.2%) | 759 (94.8%) | 184 (92.0%) | |
| Duration of ART prior to admission | ||||
| ART-naive | 898 (89.7%) | 720 (89.9%) | 178 (89.0%) | 0.618 |
| <6 months | 86 (8.6%) | 69 (8.6%) | 17 (8.5%) | |
| >6 months | 17 (1.7%) | 12 (1.5%) | 5 (2.5%) | |
| Later admission to ICU | ||||
| Yes | 183 (18.3%) | 147 (18.4%) | 36 (18.0%) | 0.908 |
| NO | 818 (81.7%) | 654 (81.6%) | 164 (82.0%) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Bacterial pneumonitis | ||||
| Yes | 832 (83.1%) | 663 (82.8%) | 169 (84.5%) | 0.559 |
| NO | 169 (16.9%) | 138 (17.2%) | 31 (15.5%) | |
| CMV pneumonitis | ||||
| Yes | 385 (38.5%) | 304 (38%) | 81 (40.5%) | 0.508 |
| NO | 616 (61.5%) | 497 (62%) | 119 (59.5%) | |
| Cryptococcal pneumonitis | ||||
| Yes | 19 (1.9%) | 17 (2.1%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0.298 |
| NO | 982 (98.1%) | 784 (97.9%) | 198 (99.0%) | |
| Fungal pneumonia | ||||
| Yes | 209 (20.9%) | 163 (20.3%) | 46 (23.0%) | 0.409 |
| NO | 792 (79.1%) | 638 (79.7%) | 154 (77.0%) | |
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | ||||
| Yes | 148 (14.8%) | 110 (13.7%) | 38 (19.0%) | 0.060 |
| NO | 853 (85.2%) | 691 (86.3%) | 162 (81.0%) | |
| Severe pneumonia | ||||
| Yes | 148 (14.8%) | 115 (14.4%) | 33 (16.5%) | 0.445 |
| NO | 853 (85.2%) | 686 (85.6%) | 167 (83.5%) | |
| Pneumothorax | ||||
| Yes | 41 (4.0%) | 34 (4.2%) | 7 (3.5%) | 0.635 |
| NO | 960 (96.0%) | 767 (95.8%) | 193 (96.5%) | |
| CNS infection | ||||
| Yes | 54 (5.4%) | 43 (5.4%) | 11 (5.5%) | 0.941 |
| NO | 947 (94.6%) | 758 (94.6%) | 189 (94.5%) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Yes | 64 (6.4%) | 46 (5.7%) | 18 (9.0%) | 0.092 |
| NO | 937 (93.6%) | 755 (94.3%) | 182 (91.0%) | |
| Malignancies | ||||
| Yes | 27 (2.7%) | 23 (2.9%) | 4 (2.0%) | 0.496 |
| NO | 974 (97.3%) | 778 (97.1%) | 196 (98.0%) |
Note. HGB: hemoglobin; ALB: albumin; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; ART: antiretroviral therapy; ICU: intensive care unit; CMV: cytomegalovirus; CNS: central nervous system. Median (Q1, Q3): median based on 25th and 75th percentiles.