| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Andlaw 1983 | Equivalent fluoride concentration SMFP 1000 ppm (2 groups). Additional potential anti‐caries agent (3% trimetaphosphate) in placebo arm |
| Baysan 2001 | Inadequate follow‐up period (6 months) |
| Beiswanger 1978 | Additional fluoride applied topically at baseline and annually |
| Beiswanger 1981 | Equivalent fluoride concentration (1000 ppm SnF2, 1100 ppm NaF) |
| Bibby 1945 | Random allocation not stated or indicated |
| Bixler 1966 | Additional anti‐calculus agent (stannous pyrophosphate) in active intervention arm only |
| Blinkhorn 1988 | Equivalent fluoride concentration (1400 ppm NaF, 1400 ppm SMFP, 1000 ppm SMFP + 450 ppm NaF) |
| Chedid 2012 | Intervention part of supervised programme. Additional measures included topical fluoride or chlorhexidine or both and fluoride drops/tablets. Not randomised (systematic allocation) |
| Curnow 2002 | Comparison of children receiving fluoridated toothpaste as part of a supervised toothbrushing programme with children receiving no intervention |
| Cutress 1992 | Post‐trial evaluation. Data coding problems in original trial |
| Damle 2012 | Additional potential anti‐caries agent (calcium glycerophosphate) added to 1000 ppm SMFP fluoride toothpaste only |
| De Paola 1993 | Equivalent fluoride concentration (1000 ppm SMFP, 1000 ppm NaF, 1000 ppm NaF) |
| Dolles 1980 | Additional non‐fluoride active agent (chlorhexidine) |
| Downer 1976 | Non‐random allocation. Additional topical fluoride‐based intervention |
| Edlund 1977 | Equivalent fluoride concentration (1000 ppm SMFP, 1000 ppm NaF) |
| Edward 1978 | All participants given fortnightly fluoride rinses with NaF solution. Random allocation not stated or indicated. Conference abstract |
| Ennever 1980 | Random allocation not stated or indicated |
| Feng 2007 | Inadequate follow‐up period (6 months) |
| Finn 1963 | Medically compromised institutionalised children |
| Fogels 1982 | Comparative study; not RCT |
| Frankl 1968 | Additional non‐fluoride agent in placebo toothpaste (N‐lauroyl sarcosinate). Equivalent fluoride concentration (1000 ppm SnF2, 1000 ppm SMFP) |
| Freire 2016 | Additional (different) potential anti‐caries agents (calcium glycerophosphate or trimetaphosphate) associated with 500 ppm NaF toothpastes only, not in 1000 ppm NaF comparator) |
| Gerdin 1972 | Non‐random (systematic) allocation |
| Gish 1965 | Additional topical fluoride‐based intervention |
| Hargreaves 1973 | Non‐random (systematic) allocation |
| Heidmann 1997 | Aluminium‐containing test toothpaste |
| Hill 1959 | Random allocation not stated or indicated |
| Horowitz 1966 | Non‐random (systematic) allocation |
| Horowitz 1966a | Toothpaste versus aqueous solution |
| Horowitz 1976 | Randomisation not stated or indicated |
| Jordan 1959 | Only 2 clusters (schools), each randomised to 1 of the 2 interventions compared |
| Kinkel 1968 | Additional potential agent (bromchlorophene) in SMFP arm |
| Koch 1967 | Non‐random (systematic) allocation |
| Koch 1972 | Potassium fluoride and manganese chloride test toothpaste |
| Koch 1982 | Additional topical fluoride‐based intervention |
| Kyes 1961 | Non‐random allocation |
| Künzel 1977 | Additional fluoride‐based intervention with fluoride toothpaste |
| Li 2015 | Equivalent fluoride concentration (1450 ppm F) |
| Lu 1985 | Additional non‐fluoride agent in test toothpaste only |
| Mergele 1968a | Medically compromised institutionalised young adults and children selected |
| Moller 1968 | Additional active agent added to fluoride in test toothpaste |
| Muhler 1958 | Random allocation not stated or indicated |
| Muhler 1960 | Non‐random allocation |
| Muhler 1967 | Additional topical fluoride received. Non‐random (systematic) allocation |
| Murray 1980 | Random allocation not stated or indicated |
| Nordström 2010 | Additional agent (fluoride varnish) every 12 months (or 6 months for children with very high caries risk) |
| Onisi 1970 | Random allocation not stated or indicated |
| Patz 1970 | Random allocation not stated or indicated |
| Peffley 1960 | Random allocation not stated. Inadequate follow‐up period (10 months) |
| Ran 1991 | Placebo gel versus AmF gel or toothpaste (fortnightly application) in addition to usual toothbrushing practice |
| Riethe 1975 | Non‐random allocation |
| Ripa 1990 | Equivalent fluoride concentration (1100 ppm NaF, 1000 ppm SMFP) |
| Saporito 2000 | Equivalent fluoride concentration (1100 ppm NaF, 1000 ppm SMFP) |
| Sjögren 1995 | Additional non‐fluoride agent added to dentifrice A |
| Srisilapanan 2013 | Additional non‐fluoride agent in test toothpaste only, and follow‐up 6 months |
| Stookey 1975 | Random allocation not stated or indicated |
| Tavener 2006 | Prevalence and severity of fluorosis. No caries data |
| Thomas 1970 | Additional agent added (sodium N‐lauroyl sarcosinate) in different concentrations 1000 ppm SMFP toothpastes but not to placebo toothpaste |
| Triol 1987 | Equivalent fluoride concentration (1000 ppm SMFP, 500 ppm SMFP + 500 ppm NaF) |
| Yin 2013 | Additional non‐fluoride agent in test toothpaste only, and follow‐up 6 months |
| You 2002 | Additional oral health programme for 1100 ppm NaF arm |
AmF = amine fluoride, F = fluoride, NaF = sodium fluoride, ppm = parts per million, RCT = randomised controlled trial, SMFP = sodium monofluorophosphate, SnF2 = stannous fluoride.