Table 6.
Examples of meaning units, sub-themes and themes from content analysis of in-depth interviews data about the perception of staff in relation to Directly Observed Treatment for Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis
| Meaning unit | Condensed meaning unit Description close to the text |
Condensed meaning unit Interpretation of the underlying meaning |
Sub-theme | Theme |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| “Our main challenge is health staff’s fear toward MDR-TB. One of the factors is uneven knowledge distribution among health staffs. The more we know (about MDR-TB), the more we are scared” (Health staff 4) | Health staff’s fear toward MDR-TB | Fear is a natural expression of health staff when they know about MDR-TB | Fear | Feeling safe/unsafe as an interaction between fear, perceived risk and security, as well as level of knowledge. |
| “Health staffs were scared to get infected. Fear is human, is not it?” (Health staff 1) | Fear is human | Fear is a natural expression | ||
| Health staff were scared to get infected | – | Perceived risk | ||
| “They (health staffs) were shocked when they found out there was an MDR-TB patient here” (Health staff 16) | The health staff were shocked when they found out there was an MDR-TB patient at the PHC | – | ||
| “Masks have been provided at the registration desk. There were TB patients here, but health staffs did not wear it. Moreover, there will be MDR-TB patient here” (Health staff 13) | The health staff (at the registration desk) did not wear mask, while there will be MDR-TB patient (at the PHC) | Awareness about risk of being infected is low | ||
| “We are at high risk of getting infected, however there is no certainty on our insurance if we are infected” (health staff 9) | No certainty on our insurance if we are infected | Lack security for staff in doing DOT for MDR-TB patients. | Perceived security | |
| “They are scared to death. There is no insurance or guarantee of safety from the management” (Health staff 5) | There is no insurance or guarantee of safety from the management | |||
| “…Our intention is to help patient, and we have no choice. We are sure we will be safe as long as our infection control is adequate” (Health staff 11) | We will be safe as long as our infection control is adequate | The infection control is perceived inadequate | ||
| “We will not get infected if the Infection Control is adequate” (Health staff 11) | The health staff will not get infected if the infection control is adequate | Infection control application is perceived essential to prevent MDR-TB transmission | ||
| “First of all, they were afraid to get infected and they are questioning whether the Infection Control has been adequate yet” (Health staff 10) | Health staff are questioning whether the infection control has been adequate yet | The infection control is perceived inadequate | ||
| “It will be useless to give training to the health staff. If they are scared, it’s personal…” (Health staff 2) | It will be useless to give training to give training | Current content of training can be not effective to reduce fear | Knowledge | |
| “When they (health staffs) were surveyed, the result might show low knowledge. It is because uneven knowledge distribution among health staffs” (Health staff 1) | Uneven knowledge distribution among health staff | Need more staff to be trained | ||
| “…Because we have not got the training so our fear beats everything” (Health staff 10) | Health staff have not got the training | Fear is bigger when the staff have not received training | ||
| “Most of health staffs only focus on their job, for instance nurse and nutritionist did not understand about this matter (MDR-TB)” (Health staff 1) | The health staff did not understand about MDR-TB | Information about MDR-TB is still limited among health staff | ||
| “There is indeed fear toward MDR-TB. Health staffs should understand on infection control of MDR-TB. Therefore, dissemination of information is very important” | Dissemination of information (about infection control of MDR-TB) is important | – | ||
| “Overall, PHCs are ready. There are only few health staff who still discriminate MDR-TB patient because of scared” (Health staff 2) | Few health staff discriminate MDR-TB patients because of scared. | Fear is a driver to a stigmatic attitude to MDR-TB patients | Stigmatic attitude | Fear as a driver of stigmatic attitude |
| Fear |