Table 1.

PRISM participant characteristics

	All children		Male		Female		p-valuea
	(N=314)		(n=153)		(n=161)
Maternal age at enrollment (year; mean, SD b)	30.0	5.9	29.7	5.7	30.4	6.1	0.28
Race/Ethnicity (n, %)
White	102	32.5	48	31.4	54	33.5	0.89
Black	83	26.4	42	27.5	41	25.5
Hispanic	129	41.1	63	41.2	66	41.0
Maternal education status (n, %)
≤12 years	198	63.1	103	67.3	95	59.0	0.13
>12 years	116	36.9	50	32.7	66	41.0
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2; median, IQR)	24.4	21.9–29.3	25.1	22.5–30.7	24.0	21.9–28.3	0.09
Maternal lifetime trauma exposure: LSC-R (mean, SD) c	1.79	2.33	1.76	1.97	1.81	2.63	0.07
Prenatal cortisol d
Original scale (pg/mg; median, IQR)	6.65	2.8–22.9	9.13	3.8–25.4	5.14	2.1–17.0	<0.01
z-score; ln-transformed (mean, SD) c	−0.05	0.97	0.08	0.95	−0.16	0.97	0.02
Fenton birthweight for gestational age z-score (mean, SD)	−0.11	0.90	−0.11	0.99	−0.10	0.80	0.82
Gestational age at birth (weeks; median, IQR)	39.1	38.1–40.1	39.2	38–40.1	39.0	38.4–40.0	0.99

^ap-value comparing boys and girls (χ² test for categorical variables; Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables)

^bStandard Deviation (SD)

^cMaternal lifetime trauma exposures assessed as number of endorsed events meeting DSM-5 Criterion A via the Life Stressor ChecklistRevised (LSC-R).

^dMaternal third trimester hair cortisol