Table 1.
Main characteristics of the study population
| Characteristics | Lowest tertile (n=78) | Median tertile (n=76) | Highest tertile (n=76) | P-value for difference across tertiles |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MPV range (fL) | <7.29 | 7.29–8.8 | >8.8 | |
| Demographic data | ||||
| Age (years) | 68.6 (12.1)** | 69.8 (13.8) | 74 (11.1) | 0.02 |
| Females | 37 (47.4) | 47 (61.8)# | 32 (42.1) | 0.04 |
| Vascular risk factors | ||||
| Carotid artery stenosis | 21 (27) | 20 (26) | 26 (34) | 0.5 |
| Diabetes | 9 (11.5)** | 18 (23.7) | 20 (26.3) | 0.04 |
| Hypertension | 54 (69.2) | 58 (76.3) | 57 (75) | 0.5 |
| Chronic heart failure | 4 (5.1) | 13 (17.1) | 10 (13.2) | 0.04 |
| Coronary artery disease | 20 (25.6) | 16 (21.1) | 20 (26.3) | 0.7 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 14 (17.9)*,** | 29 (38.2) | 29 (38.2) | <0.01 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 27 (34.6) | 19 (25) | 19 (25) | 0.36 |
| IMT (mm) | 1.09 (0.24) | 1.09 (0.29) | 1.1 (0.2) | 0.8 |
| Current smoking | 23 (29.5) | 11 (14.5) | 13 (17.1) | 0.05 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (3.8) | 5 (6.6) | 4 (5.3) | 0.6 |
| Peripheral atherosclerosis | 21 (26.9) | 20 (26.3) | 26 (34.2) | 0.4 |
| Previous stroke/TIA | 11 (14.1) | 12 (15.8) | 10 (13.2) | 0.8 |
| Previous antithrombotic therapya | 29 (42) | 27 (38) | 33 (48) | 0.2 |
| Baseline CT | ||||
| ASPECTS score | 9.6 (1.1) | 9.65 (0.88) | 9.8 (0.4) | 0.4 |
| ASPECTS <10 | 10 (14.7) | 12 (19.4) | 11 (15.3) | 0.7 |
| Hyperdense MCA sign | 12 (15.4) | 18 (23.7)# | 5 (6.6) | 0.01 |
| Symptomatic ICH | 8 (10.3) | 8 (10.5) | 11 (14.5) | 0.05 |
| HI1 | 6 (7.7) | 2 (2.6) | 3 (3.9) | |
| HI2 | 0 | 0 | 4 (5.3) | |
| PH1 | 2 (2.6) | 4 (5.3) | 1 (1.3) | |
| PH2 | 0 | 2 (2.6) | 3 (3.9) | |
| PHr1 | 0 | 1 (1)b | 1 (1)b | |
| PHr2 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1)b | |
| Stroke etiology | ||||
| Lacunar stroke | 13 (16.7) | 12 (16) | 9 (12.2) | 0.5 |
| Cardioembolic stroke | 23 (29.5) | 31 (41.3) | 27 (36.5) | – |
| Large atherothrombotic stroke | 37 (47.4) | 24 (32) | 31 (41.9) | – |
| Other | 5 (6.4) | 9 (11.8) | 9 (11.8) | – |
| Baseline biochemical and other variables | ||||
| Onset to treatment (hours) | 2.78 (1.12) | 2.85 (0.97) | 2.95 (1.07) | 0.6 |
| Onset to blood draw (hours) | 2.2 (0.3) | 2.5 (0.2) | 2.4 (0.5) | 0.5 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 85.8 (41.2)** | 72.8 (31.6) | 58.2 (24.7) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.93 (0.26)** | 0.97 (0.44) | 1.19 (0.9) | 0.01 |
| Blood glucose (mg/dL) | 119.8 (44) | 123.1 (35.6) | 141.5 (77.1) | 0.03 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 354.9 (109) | 367 (127) | 347 (111) | 0.6 |
| WBC (103/µL) | 8.4 (2.9) | 9.07 (4) | 9 (3.1) | 0.4 |
| PLT (103/µL) | 229.6 (68.7) | 228.3 (76) | 218 (74.3) | 0.5 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 182.1 (40.8)** | 168.3 (41) | 158.1 (40.6) | <0.01 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 110.9 (39.8) | 103 (34.4) | 102.3 (35.5) | 0.3 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 152 (25) | 154 (30) | 159 (23) | 0.2 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 84.9 (13.4) | 87.2 (18.8) | 86.3 (14.2) | 0.6 |
| Neurologic status | ||||
| Admission GCS | 13.4 (2.48) | 12.7 (2.7) | 13.2 (2.5) | 0.3 |
| mRS | 4.05 (1.11)* | 4.43 (0.89) | 4.36 (0.89) | 0.03 |
| Dependence (mRS ≥3) | 68 (87.2)*,** | 73 (96.1) | 73 (96.1) | 0.04 |
| NIHSS | 10.4 (5.1)* | 12.5 (6.1) | 12.4 (6) | 0.03 |
| Large artery occlusion | 55 (70.5) | 60 (78.9) | 56 (73.7) | 0.4 |
| Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage | 8 (10.3) | 8 (10.5) | 11 (14.5) | 0.6 |
| Early neurologic deterioration | 11 (14.1) | 14 (18.4) | 11 (14.5) | 0.7 |
| Discharge mRS | 2.29 (1.8)*,** | 3.57 (1.9) | 3.2 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| NIHSS | 3.9 (4.1)*,** | 6.8 (5.9) | 5.7 (5.5) | <0.01 |
| Favorable outcome (mRS ≤2)* | 56 (71.8)*,** | 34 (44.7) | 42 (55.3) | <0.01 |
| Poor outcome (mRS ≥3) | 22 (28.2)*,** | 42 (55.3) | 34 (44.7) | <0.01 |
| Excellent outcome (mRS ≤1) | 33 (42.3)*,** | 16 (21.1) | 20 (26.3) | 0.01 |
| Minor stroke (NIHSS ≤4) | 51 (65.4)*,** | 31 (40.8) | 38 (50) | <0.01 |
| Death | 6 (7.7) | 13 (17.1) | 12 (15.8) | 0.17 |
| Length of hospitalization (days) | 11.7 (4.6) | 17.4 (16.7) | 14.5 (11.8) | 0.01 |
| Lack of early improvement | 23 (29.5)*,** | 34 (44.7) | 38 (50) | 0.02 |
Notes: Values represent the mean (±SD) for continuously distributed data or number (%) for categorical data. P-values were calculated using the ANOVA and chi-squared tests.
Data available from 208 patients (68 for first tertile, 71 for second tertile, and 69 for third tertile).
With concomitant local PH2.
P<0.05 between tertiles 1 and 2,
P<0.05 between tertiles 1 and 3,
P<0.05 between tertiles 2 and 3.
Abbreviations: ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; CT, computed tomography; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MPV, mean platelet volume; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HI, hemorrhagic infarct; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; IMT, intima–media thickness; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MCA, middle cerebral artery; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PH, parenchymal hematoma; PHr, parenchymal hematoma; PLT, platelet; TIA, transient ischemic attack; WBC, white blood cells.