Table 1.

The role of Cav1 in breast cancer cells tumorigenesis

Progress stages	Cell lines	Signaling cascades	Promoter/suppressor	References
Proliferation, invasion	MCF-7	Cav1↑ → BKCa↓	Suppressor	46
Proliferation	SKBR3 BT-474	γ-tocotrienol → caveolae disruption → HER2 signaling↓	Promoter	49
Proliferation, invasion, migration	BT-474	Cav1↑ → cell cycle arrest↓ Cav1↓ → MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-1↓	Promoter	50
Proliferation	MDA-MB-231 MCF-7	Cav1↑ → cell cycle arrest↑	Suppressor	51
Proliferation	MDA-MB-231	BPA → Cav1-GPER↑ → HSP90, HIF-1α, VEGF↑	Promoter	52, 58
Proliferation	BT-474	CAFs Cav1↓ → SDF–1, EGF, FSP–1↑	Suppressor	59
Apoptosis	MDA-MB-231 MDA-MB-468	MβCD → Cav1↓ → apoptotic pathways↑	Promoter	65
Apoptosis	MDA-MB-231 MCF-7	Cav1↑ → apoptotic pathways↑	Suppressor	51
Autophagy	BT-474	E2 → Cav1↑ → autophagosome↑	Promoter	66
Autophagy	MCF-7	Cav1↓ → V-ATPase assembly↑ → autophagosome− lysosome fusion↑	Suppressor	67
Apoptosis	MCF-7	Fluvastatin → CAV1 mRNA expression↓	Promoter	68
Apoptosis	MCF-7	Metformin → CAV1 mRNA expression↑	Suppressor	69
Apoptosis	MDA-MB-231 SK-BR-3	DHA → Cav1↑ → onco-proteins, HSP90↓	Suppressor	70
Invasion, migration	MCF-7 T47D	Cav1↑ → Slug↑ → EMT↑	Promoter	81
Invasion, migration	MDA-MB-231 4T1	FFLZ → Cav-1/Smad7/Smurf2↓ → TGFR signaling↓ → EMT↓	Promoter	82
Invasion, migration	MCF-10F	Curcumin, pamidronate → Cav1↓ → EMT↓	Promoter	83, 84
Invasion	MCF-7	Antarctic krill DHA → Cav1-Fas↑ → MMP-2↓	Suppressor	86
Migration	MDA-MB-231 MCF-7	ROS → Cav1-GAP↓	Promoter	90
Invasion, migration	MDA-MB-231	Cav1↑ → Rab5↑ → Rac1↑	Promoter	91
Anoikis	MDA-MB-231	LSS → Cav1↑ → caspase-8↓ → anoikis↓	Promoter	101
Anoikis	MDA-MB-231	Cav1↑ → ITGB1-FAK↑ → anoikis↓	Promoter	102
Metastasis	MDA-MB-231	Cav1↑ → MT4-MMP recycling↑	Promoter	104
Metastasis	E0771	Cav1↓ → VEGF-A/VEGFR1↑ → MMP9, CSF1↑	Suppressor	105
Metastasis	MDA-MB-231 MCF-7 T47D	MIF → Cav1 phosphorylation↑ → HMGB1↑ → TLR4/NF-kappa B↑	Promoter	106
Drug resistance	MCF-7 MDA-MB-231	Cav1↑ → ABCG2↑ → drug resistance↑	Promoter	114
Drug resistance	BT-474	Cav1↑ → T-DM1 internalization↑	Suppressor	121
Drug resistance	MCF-7	Cav1↑ → eNOS/NO/ONOO-↓	Promoter	124
Radiation resistance	BT474 SKBR3 MDA-MB-231	Cav1↑ → EGFR nuclear translocation↑ → DNA repair↑	Promoter	126

Abbreviations: ABCG2, ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2; BKCa, large conductance Ca²⁺-activated potassium; BPA, Bisphenol A; CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts; Cav1, caveolin-1; CSF1, colony-stimulating factor 1; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition; FAK, focal adhesion associated kinases; FFLZ, fucose-containing fraction of Ling-Zhi; FSP-1, fibroblast-specific protein-1; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; GPER, G-protein estrogen receptor; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2; HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha; HSP90, heat shock protein 90; LSS, fluid-induced low shear stress; MIF, migration inhibitory factor; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; MT4-MMP, membrane type 4 matrix metalloproteinase; MβCD, methyl beta cyclodextrin; SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1; T-DM1, trastuzumab emtansine; TGFR, transforming growth factor-β receptor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.