Table 1. Characteristics of participants in each study.
| Study ID | Depression severity (criteria) | Criteria for physical impairments affecting functioning | Education (mean (SD) years or %level) | Ethnicity | Cognition inclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PST | |||||
| Alexopoulos 2016 | Major (SCID + SI) | Receiving support services, IADL impairments | 13.2 (2.9) yrs | Not reported | ≥24 (MMSE) + no dementia diagnosis |
| Choi 2014 | Major (SI) | Homebound (Medicare criteria), receiving support services | <high school 7.6%, high school 19.6%, some college 33.5%, college degree 13.9%, graduate school 9.5% | Non-Hispanic White 42.4%, African American/Black 32.9%, Hispanic 24.7% | No dementia diagnosis |
| Ciechanowski 2004 | Minor (SCID) | Receiving support services | Beyond high school 58% | African American 36%, Asian American 4%, Hispanic 1%, American Indian 1% | <3 (6 item MMSE) |
| Gellis 2007 | Major (SI) | Home care patients | 11.9 yrs (SD not reported) | White 80%, Black 10%, Hispanic 10% | ≥24 (MMSE) |
| Gellis 2008 | Major (SCID + SI) | Home care patients | Int 11.2 yrs Control 11.34 yrs (SDs not reported) |
Int Caucasian 85%, African American 5%, Hispanic 10% Control Caucasian 85%, African American 5% Hispanic 10% | ≥25 (MMSE) |
| Kiosses 2010 | Major (SCID + SI) | IADL impairments, mobility impairment | Int 12.50 (3.67) yrs Control 12.23 (2.68) yrs |
Caucasian 73.33%, African American 26.67% | ≥19 (MMSE) plus ≤30 (DRS IP) or ≤18 (Stroop CW) |
| Kiosses 2015 | Major (SCID + SI) | IADL impairments, mobility impairment | Int 12.86 (3.37) yrs Control 13.35 (2.72) yrs |
Int White 81.08%, African American 18.92%, Hispanic 8.11% Control White 83.78%, African American 16.22%, Hispanic 0% |
≥17 (MMSE) |
| Collaborative care | |||||
| Banerjee 1996 | Major (SI) | Home care patients | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Blanchard 1995 | Mixed (SI) | Mobility impairment | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Bruce 2015 | Mixed (SI) | Home care patients | 12.0 (3.5) yrs | White 80.7%, Black 18.0%, Other 1.3% | No dementia diagnosis |
| Ell 2007 | Mixed (SI) | Home care patients | Not reported | Int Non-Hispanic White 75%, Control Non-Hispanic White 69% | Cognitive impairment precluding consent |
| Enguidanos 2005 | Mixed (SI) | ADL impairments | <high school 40%, high school 33%, some college 27% | White 66%, African American 17%, Latino 13%, Asian 4%, Native American 1.3% | ≤4 (SPMSQ) |
| Llewellyn-Jones 1999 | Mixed (SI) | Residing in supported living | Not reported | Not reported | ≥18 (MMSE) |
| Nyunt 2010 | Minor (SI) | Receiving support services, residing in supported living | 50.9% (UC) and 46.1% (CC) were illiterate | Int Chinese 84.3% Control Chinese 85.7% |
No dementia diagnosis |
| Bibliotherapy | |||||
| Landreville 1997 | Mixed (SI) | ADL or IADL impairments, mobility impairment | Int 7.80 yrs Control 8.53 yrs (SDs not reported) |
Not reported | Not reported |
| Life review therapy | |||||
| Serrano 2004 | Mixed (SI) | Receiving support services | Literate 7%, elementary school 67.4%, secondary school 23.3%, university 2.3% | Not reported | ≥28 (MMSE) |
ADL = Activities of Daily Living, DRS IP=Dementia Rating Scale Initiation/Preservation subscale, IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination, N = number, NR = not reported, QoL = Quality of Life, RCT = Randomised Control Trial, SI=screening instrument, SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM, SPMSQ=Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, Stroop CW=Stroop Colour-Word test