Table 1.
Demographic distribution of the sample by the EQ-5D-3L and the SF-6D utility scores
| Variable | N (%) | EQ-5D-3L utility mean (SD) | SF-6D utility mean (SD) | P value† |
| All samples | 1096 | 0.540 (0.35) | 0.534 (0.09) | <0.001* |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 686 (62.6) | 0.561 (0.34) | 0.532 (0.10) | <0.001* |
| Female | 410 (37.4) | 0.505 (0.37) | 0.539 (0.09) | 0.342 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| Less than 20 | 07 (0.6) | 0.570 (0.44) | 0.455 (0.09) | 0.235 |
| 20–40 | 45 (4.1) | 0.591 (0.34) | 0.536 (0.09) | 0.103 |
| 41–60 | 562 (51.3) | 0.555 (0.35) | 0.540 (0.10) | <0.001* |
| More than 60 | 482 (44.0) | 0.517 (0.35) | 0.529 (0.08) | 0.006* |
| Education status | ||||
| No formal education | 81 (7.4) | 0.448 (0.42) | 0.508 (0.09) | 0.441 |
| 5 Grade | 413 (37.7) | 0.529 (0.35) | 0.536 (0.09) | 0.001* |
| 6–11 Grade | 377 (34.4) | 0.556 (0.34) | 0.533 (0.10) | <0.001* |
| GCE O/L passed | 190 (17.3) | 0.554 (0.34) | 0.540 (0.09) | 0.007* |
| GCE A/L passed | 35 (3.2) | 0.618 (0.34) | 0.540 (0.09) | 0.225 |
| Employment status | ||||
| Employed | 380 (34.7) | 0.675 (0.25) | 0.547 (0.10) | <0.001* |
| Not employed | 716 (65.3) | 0.468 (0.37) | 0.528 (0.09) | 0.417 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Present | 778 (71.0) | 0.505 (0.36) | 0.532 (0.09) | 0.037* |
| Absent | 318 (29.0) | 0.625 (0.29) | 0.542 (0.10) | <0.001* |
| CKD stage | ||||
| Early stage | 254 (24.0) | 0.588 (0.30) | 0.551 (0.10) | <0.001* |
| Stage IV | 614 (58.1) | 0.566 (0.42) | 0.536 (0.09) | <0.001* |
| Stage V | 151 (14.3) | 0.467 (0.42) | 0.523 (0.08) | 0.808 |
| Dialysis | 38 (3.6) | 0.126 (0.39) | 0.432 (0.07) | <0.001* |
*Significant at p<0.05.
†Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
EQ-5D-3L, EuroQoL-five-dimension-3 levels; GCE A/L, General Certificate of Education Advance level; GCE O/L, General Certificate of Education Ordinary level; SF-6D, Short-Form six-dimension.