Table 4.

Disease characteristics and course of individual patients with PD-1 inhibitor-induced worsening of pre-existing type 2 diabetes

Pt	BMI	ICI	Pre-ICI laboratory data	Presentation	Doses/time (months) to presentation	Other IRAE	Therapy
13	33.3	Nivolumab	FPG 166 mg/dL, HbA1c 8.1%.	HbA1c 10%, FPG 300 mg/dL, RPG 580 mg/dL.	2/3.9	Thyroiditis.	TZD and basal insulin.
14	24.4	Nivolumab	FPG 197 mg/dL, RPG 273 mg/dL, HbA1c 8.2%	HbA1c 10%, RPG 378 mg/dL, FPG 311 mg/dL, β-OHB 1.8 mmol/L; methylprednisolone 1000 mg daily for 1 week.	4/5.7	Dermatitis; secondary adrenal insufficiency.	MDI.
15	25.5	Pembrolizumab	FPG 104 mg/dL, HbA1c 6.2%.	HbA1c 8.6%, RPG 239 mg/dL, FPG 190 mg/dL.	12/5	Thyroiditis.	Basal insulin.
16	27.1	Pembrolizumab	FPG 111 mg/dL, RPG 132 mg/dL, HbA1c 8%.	HbA1c 11.3%, RPG 367 mg/dL, FPG 222 mg/dL.	5/3.8	Ocular.	Metformin and MDI.
17	37.9	Pembrolizumab	FPG 121 mg/dL, HbA1c 7.4%.	FPG 208 mg/dL, HbA1c 9%.	4/1.4	–	MDI
18	45.2	Pembrolizumab	FPG 140 mg/dL, HbA1c 6.6%.	FPG 230 mg/dL, RPG 249 mg/dL, HbA1c 8.1%, dexamethasone 2 g daily for 5 months.	3/6.9	Thyroiditis and hypophysitis.	Metformin and MDI.
19	27.5	Ipilimumab → Pembrolizumab	FPG 117 mg/dL.	FPG 304 mg/dL, HbA1c 11.8%.	13/12.3	Hepatitis.	MDI.
20	32.3	Nivolumab	FPG 112 mg/dL, RPG 158 mg/dL, HbA1c 8.8%.	FPG 154 mg/dL, RPG 180 mg/dL, HbA1c 9.5%, GGT 257 IU/L, dexamethasone 8 g daily for 1 week.	1/1.8	Thyroiditis.	MDI.
21	18.4	Pembrolizumab	FPG 141 mg/dL, RPG 235 mg/dL, HbA1c 9.2%.	FPG 606 mg/dL, RPG 999 mg/dL, HbA1c 12%.	3/1.7	–	MDI.

BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; IA-2, islet antigen 2; IAA, insulin autoantibodies; IRAE, immune-related adverse events; MDI, multiple daily injections of insulin; RPG, random plasma glucose; TZD, Thiazolidinedione.