Table 2. Covariate balance before and after matching.
| Variable | Category | Before matching | After matching | ||||||||
| M | SD | t | p | M | SD | t | p | ||||
| Age | Not retired | 66.2 | 10.7 | 2.40 | 0.016 | 66.8 | 9.5 | 0.94 | 0.349 | ||
| Retired | 67.3 | 9.1 | 67.3 | 9.1 | |||||||
| Self rated health | Not retired | 3.0 | 0.9 | 0.05 | 0.962 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 1.02 | 0.307 | ||
| Retired | 3.0 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 0.9 | |||||||
| CES-D10 (2010) | Not retired | 7.5 | 5.6 | 0.59 | 0.557 | 7.2 | 5.4 | 0.55 | 0.584 | ||
| Retired | 7.4 | 5.5 | 7.4 | 5.5 | |||||||
| % | Chi-squared | p | % | Chi-squared | p | ||||||
| Female | |||||||||||
| Gender1 | Not retired | 57.7 | 23.9 | <0.001 | 46.8 | 0.02 | 0.878 | ||||
| Retired | 47.2 | 47.2 | |||||||||
| Married | |||||||||||
| Marital status2 | Not retired | 76.4 | 4.61 | 0.032 | 83.3 | 1.66 | 0.198 | ||||
| Retired | 80.3 | 80.4 | |||||||||
| Urban | |||||||||||
| Urban3 | Not retired | 74.6 | 1.08 | 0.299 | 75.7 | 0.10 | 0.757 | ||||
| Retired | 76.6 | 76.6 | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
| Education4 | Not retired | 47.0 | 16.8 | 26.8 | 5.06 | 0.167 | 46.2 | 18 | 25.4 | 1.30 | 0.730 |
| Retired | 47.6 | 16.2 | 24.3 | 47.6 | 16.2 | 24.3 | |||||
1, 2, 3, 4: Reference categories of gender, marital status, urban status, and education were male, not married, not urban, and college degree or higher, respectively(% not shown)
4: For education 1 =“Elementary school graduate or lower”, 2 =“Middle school graduate”, 3 =“High school graduate”.
CES-D10, 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval