Table 1. Characteristics by recruitment period of PWID in Baltimore.
| 2005–08 recruitment period (N = 1008) | 2015–18 recruitment period (N = 737) | |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | ||
| Male | 654 (65) | 531 (72) |
| Geographical residence | ||
| City | 831 (85) | 596 (84) |
| County | 147 (15) | 116 (16) |
| Age (median, IQR) | 44 (36–49) | 46 (36–53) |
| Birth decade | ||
| Before 1960 | 315 (31) | 98 (13) |
| 1960–1969 | 403 (40) | 253 (34) |
| 1970–1979 | 201 (20) | 188 (26) |
| 1980 or later | 89 (9) | 198 (27) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| African American | 671 (67) | 406 (55) |
| White | 298 (30) | 294 (40) |
| Other | 39 (4) | 37 (5) |
| At least high school education | 432 (43) | 377 (51) |
| Substance use and risk behaviors | ||
| Doctor ever diagnosed with alcohol use disorder | 185 (19 | 135 (18) |
| Drug initiation (type of drug used) | ||
| Prescription opioids | 61 (6) | 25 (3) |
| Prescription non-opioids | 64 (6) | 87 (12) |
| Prescription drugs*/non-injection illicit drugs | 44 (4) | 94 (13) |
| Non-injection illicit drugs | 407 (40) | 323 (44) |
| Injection drugs | 432 (43) | 208 (28) |
| Frequency of injection drug use | ||
| 3x/day for ≥ 3 days | 542 (54) | 503 (68) |
| 1-2x/day for ≥ 3 days | 190 (19) | 121 (16) |
| Daily | 114 (11) | 33 (5) |
| 4-6X/week | 74 (7) | 25 (3) |
| 2-3X/week or less frequent | 88 (9) | 54 (7) |
| Median number of years between non-injection and injection drug use | 5 (2–9) | 6 (3–11) |
| Ever use needle after someone else | 758 (75) | 461 (63) |
| Ever pass needle | 752 (75) | 490 (67) |
| Ever binge injection drug use | 876 (87) | 608 (84) |
| Ever visit shooting gallery | 863 (86) | 602 (82) |
| Ever been in jail for more than 7 days | 870 (86) | 668 (91) |
| Ever overdosed | 610 (61) | 517 (70) |
*either prescription opioid or non-opioid