Figure 1.

Cytokines induced leucine‐rich alpha‐2‐glycoprotein (LRG) production in Panc1 cells. A, The LRG protein level in the supernatant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In contrast with hepatocellular carcinoma cells, the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines did not produce LRG. B, The phosphorylation of NF‐κB and STAT3 in Hep G2 and Panc1 cells, stimulated by interleukin (IL)‐1β or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α/IL‐6 or IL‐22. Panc1 and HepG2 cells were pre‐treated with the indicated cytokines for 30 min. C, The LRG protein level in culture supernatants of Panc1 cells stimulated for 72 h with increasing doses of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐6 or IL‐22 (1‐100 ng/mL). D, The relative LRG mRNA expression in Panc1 cells following IL‐1β (1‐100 ng/mL) or IL‐6 (1‐100 ng/mL) exposure for 24 h. *P < .05 in comparison with control