Table 3. FGF23 and risk of incident dementia and AD, excluding those with prior stroke.

Biomarker	Model	Dementia		Alzheimer’s disease
		HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Per SDU increase	1	1.29 (1.06–1.58)	0.01	1.36 (1.07–1.72)	0.01
	2	1.27 (1.03–1.57)	0.02	1.33 (1.04–1.71)	0.02
	3	1.33 (1.01–1.77)	0.046	1.25 (0.90–1.73)	0.19
Q1	1	Ref		Ref
Q2		1.39 (0.78–2.49)	0.27	1.54 (0.76–3.11)	0.23
Q3		1.57 (0.90–2.74)	0.12	1.76 (0.90–3.44)	0.10
Q4		1.86 (1.08–3.22)	0.03	2.24 (1.16–4.32)	0.02
Q1	2	Ref		Ref
Q2		1.34 (0.74–2.41)	0.33	1.44 (0.71–2.93)	0.31
Q3		1.44 (0.82–2.55)	0.21	1.55 (0.78–3.09)	0.21
Q4		1.74 (1.00–3.03)	0.05	2.05 (1.05–4.00)	0.03
Q1	3	Ref		Ref
Q2		1.14 (0.50–2.56)	0.76	1.25 (0.49–3.16)	0.64
Q3		1.20 (0.54–2.65)	0.65	1.21 (0.48–3.04)	0.68
Q4		1.52 (0.71–3.24)	0.28	1.54 (0.63–3.75)	0.34

Sample size = 1496

Abbreviations: FGF23, Fibroblast Growth Factor 23; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, education, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, prevalent cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, current smoking status and ApoE ε4 carrier status. Model 3: model 2 + additionally adjusted for eGFR and serum vitamin D.

FGF23 was inverse transformed, directionality adjusted and standardized.