. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 12.

Published in final edited form as: J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2018 Jul 12;40(3):117–127. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2017-0339

Table 3.

Hierarchical Mixed Effect Model Predicting Conformity, whereby Intercepts Varied Randomly by Team (k = 23).

	Conformity to Risky Behaviors						Conformity to Prosocial Behaviors
	Binge Drink	Marijuana	Drink/Drive	Concussion	PED	Hazing	Volunteer	Donate	Helping
Fixed Effect	b (SE)	b (SE)	b (SE)	b (SE)	b (SE)	b (SE)	b (SE)	b (SE)	b (SE)

*Step 1*	ΔR² *= .11*	ΔR² *= .10*	ΔR² *= .03*	ΔR² *= .18*	ΔR² *= .02*	ΔR² *= .20*	ΔR² *= .12*	ΔR² *= .12*	ΔR² *= .19*
Intercept	1.18(.13)^***	.77(.08)^***	.44(.08)^***	1.13(.10)^***	.52(.11)^***	1.55(.12)^***	1.09(.11)^***	.82(.08)^***	1.49(.12)^***
Time 1 Score	−.25(.04)^***	−.22(.03)^***	−.18(.06)^***	−.27(.03)^***	−.17(.04)^***	−.39(.04)^***	−.28(.04)^***	−.22(.03)^***	−.38(.04)^***

*Step 2*	ΔR² *= .01*	ΔR² *= 0*	ΔR² *= .02*	ΔR² *= 0*	ΔR² *= 0*	ΔR² *= 0*	ΔR² *= .01*	ΔR² *= 0*	ΔR² *= 0*
Gender	−.16(.09)^✝	−.06(.07)	−.18(.08)^*	−.07(.10)	−.05(.06)	−.07(.16)	.17(.09)^*	.05(.09)	.05(.08)
Tenure	−.01(.03)	−.05(.03)	.08(.03)^*	−.05(.04)	−.02(.03)	.01(.05)	.01(.03)	−.06(.03)^✝	.00(.03)
Self-esteem	.03(.04)	.02(.04)	.02(.04)	−.02(.04)	.02(.03)	−.07(.06)	.04(.03)	.04(.04)	−.03(.04)

*Step 3*	ΔR² *= .05*	ΔR² *= .03*	ΔR² *= .03*	ΔR² *= .03*	ΔR² *= .02*	ΔR² *= .03*	ΔR² *= .04*	ΔR² *= .01*	ΔR² *= .02*
Social Identity (within team)	.19(.04)^***	.10(.04)^*	.08(.03)^*	.09(.04)^✝	.03(.03)	.20(.06)^**	.10(.03)^**	.06(.04)	.09(.04)^*
Social Identity (between team)	.17(.15)	−.16(.13)	−.25(.12)^*	.34(.15)^*	.05(.11)	.10(.27)	.33(.13)^*	.23(.16)	.08(.14)

Total R²	R² = .17	R² = .13	R² = .08	R² = .21	R² = .04	R² = .23	R² = .17	R² = .13	R² = .21
Null Model ICC	.03	0	.03	.03	.01	.07	.05	.02	.03
Final Model ICC	.02	0	.01	.01	.01	.06	.03	.02	.02
−2*log likelihood	815.74	790.20	712.98	879.22	603.14	1120.06	663.74	850.54	744.30

Note: Gender coded 0 = male, 1 = female. PED = performance enhancing drug. Social identity (within team) was group mean centered. Null Model ICC = Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for the unconditional model without predictor variables entered. Final Model ICC = Intraclass Correlation Coefficients after adding the fixed effects predictor variables.

^✝

p < .10,

p < .05,

^**

p < .01,

^***

p< .001.