Table 1:
Characteristics of patients who used vs. did not use opioids after surgery.
| Variable | Did Not Use Opioids, N (%) | Used Opioids, N (%) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Continuous variables | |||
| N = 87 | 36 (41%) | 51 (59%) | |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 56.7 (±14.2) | 50.3 (±16.2) | 0.06 |
| Length of admission (days), median (IQR) | 1(1,1.5) | 1(1,1) | 0.93 |
| Body Mass Index, mean (SD) | 34.7 (±7.3) | 31.8 (±6.1) | 0.051 |
|
Categorical variables | |||
| Gender | 0.49 | ||
| F | 31 (86%) | 41 (80%) | |
| M | 5 (14%) | 10 (20%) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.30 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 4 (11%) | 4 (8%) | |
| Hispanic | 6 (17%) | 15 (29%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 21 (58%) | 21 (41%) | |
| Others/Not Recorded | 5 (14%) | 11 (22%) | |
| Extent of Surgery | 0.24 | ||
| Total Thyroidectomy | 17 (47%) | 29 (57%) | |
| Partial Thyroidectomy | 7 (19%) | 13 (25%) | |
| Parathyroidectomy | 12 (33%) | 9 (18%) | |
| Central Neck Dissection | 0.66 | ||
| No | 33 (92%) | 48 (94%) | |
| Yes | 3 (8%) | 3 (6%) | |
| Parathyroid Diagnosis | 0.80 | ||
| Hyperparathyroidism, primary | 6 (50%) | 5 (56%) | |
| Hyperparathyroidism, secondary | 6 (50%) | 4 (44%) | |
| Has Insurance | 0.80 | ||
| No | 1 (3%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Yes | 35 (97%) | 50 (98%) | |
| Charlson Score | 0.17 | ||
| 1st quartile (0 points) | 10 (37%) | 17 (63%) | |
| 2nd quartile (1–2 points) | 14 (52%) | 13 (48%) | |
| 3rd quartile (3–4 points) | 8 (53%) | 7 (47%) | |
| 4th quartile (5–11 points) | 4 (22%) | 14 (78%) | |
| History of Psychiatric Disorder | 0.98 | ||
| No | 29 (81%) | 41 (80%) | |
| Yes | 7 (19%) | 10 (20%) | |
| History of Chronic Pain Condition | 0.35 | ||
| No | 28 (78%) | 35 (69%) | |
| Yes | 8 (22%) | 16 (31%) | |
| Substance Use Disorder | 0.69 | ||
| None | 32 (89%) | 44 (86%) | |
| Tobacco | 4 (11%) | 6 (12%) | |
| Multiple | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Non-opioid analgesia prescribed | 0.56 | ||
| No | 28 (82%) | 37 (77%) | |
| Yes | 6 (18%) | 11 (23%) | |
| Taking opioid pain medication at time of survey | 0.22 | ||
| No | 34 (94%) | 44 (86%) | |
| Yes | 2 (6%) | 7 (14%) | |
| Took opioids prior to surgery | 0.09 | ||
| No | 36 (100%) | 47 (92%) | |
| Yes | 0 (0%) | 4 (8%) | |
SD=standard deviation, IQR=interquartile range
P-values from t-test (normally distributed continuous variables), Wilcoxon rank-sum test (non-normally distributed continuous variables) and chi-square test (categorical variables).