Table 1.
Systematic review summary of study characteristics
| Study (manuscript type) |
PTSD group (sample size) | Control group | PTSD diagnosis measures (general measure) |
M:F ration | Age mean (SD) | Trauma type/Population | Ethnicity | Comorbidity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Armstrong et al (2013) Journal article |
Clinical (n=21) | TEHC (n=16) HC (n=21) |
MINI, PCL-C | PTSD = 19:2 TEHC = 15:1 HC = 19:2 |
PTSD = 32.65 (not reported) TEHC = 34.69 (not reported) HC = 32.81 (not reported) |
War veterans | PTSD = 81% White, 9.5% Black, 9.5% Hispanic TEH C = 87.5% White, 6.2% Black, 6.2% Hispanic HC = 76.2% White, 19% Black, 4.8% Hispanic |
PTSD = 43% alcohol abuse disorder, 48% anxiety disorders (GAD, panic disorder, agoraphobia), 24% mood disorders (MDD, dysthymia). |
|
Bryant et al (1995) Journal article |
Clinical (n=10) | HC (n=10) | DSM-IV Clinical interview, PTSD-I, IES (STAI) |
PTSD = 7:3 HC = 7:3 |
PTSD = 34.3 (11.0) HC = 36.4 (11.3) |
MVA survivors | Not reported | Not reported |
|
Cascardi et al (2015) Journal article |
Clinical (n=16) | TEHC (n=24) | CAPS, TSQ, THS (STAI) |
PTSD = 1:15 TEHC = 5:24 |
Entire sample = 35.5 (11.63) | Heterogeneous sample | Entire sample = 67.5 % Black, 22.5% White, 5.0% Latino | Not reported |
|
Felmingham et al (2011) Journal article |
Clinical (n=11) | TEHC (n=10) | SCID-IV, CAPS, IES (STAI, AUDIT, BDI-I) |
PTSD = 6:5 TEHC = 5:5 |
PTSD = 34.2 (9.6) TEHC = 37.8 (15.1) |
Non-sexual physical assault victims | Not reported | PTSD = 45% depression, 9% panic disorder TEHC = 10% depression |
|
Kimble et al (2010) Journal article |
Sub-clinical (n=9; 2 with PTSD) | TEHC (n=10) | SCID-IV, CAPS, CES, PSS | Entire sample = 17:2 | PTSD = 26.56 (6.75) TEHC = 31.7 (9.41) |
War veterans (Iraq war) | Entire sample = 89.5% White, 10.5% Hispanic | Entire sample = 16% major depression, 5% GAD, 10.5%panic disorder |
|
Lee & Lee (2012) Journal article |
Sub-clinical (n=14) | TEHC (n=14) HC (n=15) |
PDS, CTS-R (STAI, BDI-I) |
PTSD = 14:0 TEHC = 14:0 HC = 15:0 |
PTSD = 22.5 (1.91) TEHC = 22.71 (1.38) HC = 22.2 (1.21) |
Dating violence (DV) survivors | Not reported | Not reported |
|
Lee & Lee (2014) Journal article |
Sub-clinical (n=20) | TEHC (n=22) HC (n=21) |
PDS, CTS-R (STAI, BDI-I) |
PTSD = 20:0 TEHC = 22:0 HC = 21:0 |
PTSD = 20.85 (2.11) TEHC = 20.82 (2.22) HC = 21.1 (2.05) |
Dating violence (DV) survivors | Not reported | Not reported |
|
Matlow (2013) PhD thesis |
Sub-clinical (n=52) | HC (n=33) | PDS, CTS-2 – only in PTSD group, THQ - only in HC group (BDI-II, BAI, DES) |
PTSD = 0:52 HC = 9:24 |
PTSD = 36 (11.63) HC = 19.14 (1.12) |
Inter-personal violence (IPV) survivors | PTSD = 46% Hispanic, 42% Caucasian, 26% African-American, 16% Native-American/Alaska Native, 7% other HC = 90% Caucasian, 14% Hispanic, 7% Asian, 5% Native-American/Alaska Native, 3% African-American, 3% other |
Not reported |
|
Stewart (2012) – Study 1 PhD thesis |
Clinical (n=12) | TEHC (n=16) | PDS, CAPS – hypervigilance score only, DRRI |
PTSD = 12:0 TEHC = 16:0 |
PTSD = 39.5 (5.1) TEHC = 42.6 (5.6) |
War veterans | Not reported | Not reported |
|
Stewart (2012) – Study 2 PhD thesis |
Clinical (n=12) | TEHC (n=16) | PDS, CAPS – hypervigilance score only, DRRI |
PTSD = 12:0 TEHC = 16:0 |
PTSD = 39.5 (5.1) TEHC = 42.6 (5.6) |
War veterans | Not reported | Not reported |
|
Thomas et al (2013) Journal article |
Clinical (n=18) | TEHC (n=13) HC (n=20) |
PCL-C, LSC-R (BDI-II) |
Entire sample = 8:47 | PTSD = 21.2 (5.1) TEHC = 20.8 (1.5) HC = 22.4 (6.5) |
Heterogeneous sample | Not reported | Not reported |
Note. PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; M:F = Male:Female; TEHC = trauma-exposed healthy control; HC = healthy control; MINI = Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; PCL-C = PTSD checklist - civilian version; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; PD = panic disorder; MDD = major depressive disorder; DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; IES = Impact of Event Scale; STAI = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; MVA = motor vehicle accident; CAPS = Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; TSQ = Trauma Screening Questionnaire; THS = Trauma History Screen; SCID = structured clinical interview for DSM Disorders; IES = Impact of event scale; AUDIT = Alcohol use disorders inventory; BDI = Beck depression inventory; CES = Combat Exposure Scale; PSS = PTSD Symptom Scale; PDS = Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale; CTS-R or CTS-2 = Revised Conflict Tactic Scale; THQ = Trauma History Questionnaire; BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory; DES = Dissociative Experiences Scale; DRRI = Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory; LSC-R = Life Stressor Checklist-Revised.