Table 3.

Systematic review summary of effect sizes for reported significant findings

Study (manuscript type)	Reported findings	Effect size (Cohen’s d)	Comments
Armstrong et al (2013) Journal article	1. PTSD > HC – dwell time on disgusted faces 2. PTSD > HC – dwell time on fearful faces 3. PTSD > TEHC – dwell time on disgusted faces 4. PTSD > TEHC – dwell time on disgusted faces 5. PTSD group: disgusted faces > happy faces – dwell time 6. PTSD group: fearful faces > happy faces – dwell time	0.74 0.80 0.59 0.63 0.56 0.50	Effect sizes were calculated based on reported means and standard deviations of the groups
Bryant et al (1995) Journal article	1. PTSD group: threat words > neutral words – number of initial fixations	1.39	Effect size was calculated based on reported means and standard deviations of the groups
Cascardi et al (2015) Journal article	1. PTSD > TEHC – pupil dilation to the threat element in the threat images 2. PTSD group: threat element > neutral element – pupil dilation	0.75 0.76	Effect sizes were reported in the paper
Felmingham et al (2011) Journal article	1. PTSD > TEHC – number of initial fixations on trauma-related words		Effect size could not be calculated – groups’ standard deviations were not reported
Kimble et al (2010) Journal article	1. PTSD > TEHC – maximum pupil size on negative valenced pictures (MVA and Iraq war stimuli pooled together) 2. PTSD > TEHC – dwell time on negative valenced pictures (MVA and Iraq war stimuli pooled together)		Effect size could not be calculated – groups’ standard deviations for the pooled negative valenced pictures were not reported
Lee & Lee (2012) Journal article	1. PTSD > TEHC – dwell time on violent images 2. PTSD > HC – dwell time on violent images 3. TEHC > HC – dwell time on violent images 4. PTSD > HC – dwell time on dysphoric images 5. TEHC > HC – dwell time on dysphoric images 6. PTSD < HC – dwell time on positive images 7. TEHC < HC – dwell time on positive images	3.69 6.44 2.68 3.59 3.27 5.90 3.90	Effect sizes were calculated based on reported means and standard deviations of the groups
Lee & Lee (2014) Journal article	1. PTSD > TEHC – dwell time on angry faces 2. PTSD > HC – dwell time om angry faces 3. TEHC > HC – dwell time on angry faces 4. PTSD > HC – dwell time on fearful faces		Effect sizes could not be calculated – groups’ standard deviations were not reported
Matlow (2013) PhD thesis	1. IPV group: negative images > neutral images – proportion of fixation time	0.67	Effect size was calculated based on reported means and standard deviations of the groups
Stewart (2012) – Study 1 PhD thesis	No significant results	N/A
Stewart (2012) – Study 2 PhD thesis	No significant results	N/A
Thomas et al (2013) Journal article	1. PTSD > HC – dwell time on trauma-relevant images 2. TEHC > HC – dwell time on trauma-relevant images	0.68 1.35	Effect sizes were calculated based on reported means and standard deviations of the groups

Note. PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; HC = healthy control; TEHC = trauma-exposed healthy control; MVA = motor vehicle accident.