Table 1.

Applied techniques and norms for dimensioning segments of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk in child population

Artery segment	Echocardiographic projection	Measurement technique	Applied standards
Aortic annulus	Parasternal long axis view	Inner edge in mid-systole, maximal diameter at the hinge points of the leaflets	Gautier et al. [16]
Aortic root		Leading edge in end-diastole, the largest diameter within the sinuses of Valsalva
Sinotubular junction		Leading edge in end-diastole, maximal diameter at the transition point from sinus to tubular aorta
Distal ascending aorta		Leading edge in end-diastole, maximal diameter 1 cm behind sinotubular junction
Aortic arch	Suprasternal view	Inner edge in mid-systole, maximal dimension between the innominate and left common carotid arteries	Pettersen et al. [17]
Descending thoracic aorta	Modified apical four chamber view	Inner edge in mid-systole, maximal dimension in the middle part of thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta	Subcostal view	Inner edge in mid-systole, maximal dimension at the level of the diaphragm
Pulmonary main artery	Parasternal short axis view	Inner edge in mid-systole, maximal dimension, halfway between the pulmonary valve and the split of the pulmonary trunk on the branches