Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of the training dataset and variable score

Variable	Score	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		5-year survival (%)	p value	HR	95% CI	p value
Age, years			< 0.001			< 0.001
< 56	0	55.0		1
56–73	32.07	48.8		1.24	0.98–1.57	0.071
> 73	64.14	37.4		1.89	1.46–2.44	< 0.001
Grade			< 0.001			< 0.001
Well differentiated	0	67.7		1
Moderately differentiated	23.05	49.7		1.30	0.93–1.81	0.124
Poorly differentiated	46.10	35.4		1.72	1.22–2.42	0.002
Undifferentiated	69.15	–		0.22	0.03–1.60	0.134
Tumor size (mm)			< 0.001			0.030
≤ 14	0	62.7		1
> 14	27.63	43.0		1.31	1.03–1.68
RNP			< 0.001
0	–	64.8
1–2	–	34.6
3–7	–	24.8
> 7	–	22.5
LNR			< 0.001			< 0.001
0	0	64.8		1
≤ 0.21	50	34.6		1.87	1.50–2.32	< 0.001
> 0.21	100	24.1		2.70	2.16–3.39	< 0.001
Histology			< 0.001			0.006
Adenocarcinoma	29.98	44.4		1
Others	0	56.7		0.74	0.59–0.92
Extension range			< 0.001			< 0.001
Localized	0	67.9		1
Duodenal wall	25.39	62.7		1.02	0.70–1.48	0.912
P/C/E	50.78	37.4		1.78	1.25–2.54	0.001
Adjacent O/T	76.18	31.6		1.82	1.24–2.67	0.002

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, RNP regional nodes positive, LNR lymph node ratio, P/C/E pancreas, common bile duct, extrahepatic bile duct, Adjacent O/T adjacent organs or tissues