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. 2019 Mar 4;9:3329. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40058-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Result of Survival Analysis Using Follow-up of the Discovery Data. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was fitted based on the disease-free interval from the baseline investigation to the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes or the end of the follow-up. Because the follow-up dates were recoded monthly, we used the first day of the month as follow-up date. The fitted curves of the clusters are located according to the prevalence of the clusters in the discovery data in general, whereas the curve of CL1 (n = 1808) is under that of CL2 (n = 2937). The bar plot located under the curves indicates the cumulative incidence rates of type 2 diabetes during the follow-up. The cumulative incidence rate for each cluster was estimated as the number of new cases of each cluster during follow-up. As in the discovery data, there was a clear tendency for the cluster-specific incidence rate of type 2 diabetes to correlate with the initial cluster-specific prevalence in general, but the incidence rate of CL3 (n = 690) was much higher than that of CL1, CL2, and CL4 (n = 807). This was not the case for the prevalence rates in the discovery data. The n indicates the initial number of participants in each cluster. The n of CL5 and CL6 is 2050 and 156, respectively. The sharp decrease in survival curves after 3,000 days of follow-up arises from the small number of remaining participants. See Supplementary Results for a detailed explanation.