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. 2019 Mar 4;9:3329. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40058-y

Table 1.

Summary of discovery and validation cohort.

Risk factor Discovery cohort (AA, n = 10023) Validation cohort (HEXA + CAVAS + KNHANES, n = 215083)
NDM (n = 8448) DM (n = 1575) P value NDM (n = 194767) DM (n = 20316) P value
Sex (M/F) 3965/4483 787/788 0.03 67474/127293 9679/10637 P < 0.001
Age (mean ± SD) 51.59 ± 8.79 56.04 ± 8.76 P < 0.001 53.03 ± 8.31 57.59 ± 7.88 P < 0.001
BMI (mean ± SD) 24.42 ± 3.08 25.43 ± 3.34 P < 0.001 23.92 ± 2.93 24.98 ± 3.16 P < 0.001
HTN (−/+) 6242/2206 859/716 P < 0.001 146331/48436 8640/11676 P < 0.001
FHDM (−/+) 7062/846 1282/293 P < 0.001 163542/31225 14069/6247 P < 0.001

M: male, F: female, BMI: body mass index, HTN: hypertension, FHDM: family history of diabetes, NDM: non-type 2 diabetes, DM: type 2 diabetes, AA: Ansan/Ansung, HEXA: Health Examinees study, CAVAS: Cardiovascular Association Study, KNHANES: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Categorical and continuous data were compared using the Chi-square and t test, respectively.