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. 2019 Feb 26;10:109. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00109

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Copyright © 2019 Lin, Jiang, Lo, Feng, Chen, Yang, Huang, Wu, Chen, Chen, Chiu and Lai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Recruitment of RAGE into lipid rafts by CDT. (A) AGS cells were pretreated with or without 5 mM MβCD followed by incubation with 100 nM CDT for 24 h. Cells were fixed and probed with DAPI (blue) to visualize the nucleus, Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated cholera toxin subunit B (CTX-B) to visualize GM1 (red), and an antibody against RAGE (green). Arrows indicated the colocalization (yellow) of CTX-B and RAGE in the overlay. The magnified images were shown in the right panels. Bars, 5 μm. (B) The fluorescence intensity of CTX-B and RAGE was analyzed by ZEN software (Carl Zeiss). Colocalized punctate of CTX-B and RAGE were quantified using merged pixels and normalized to those in the mock-control group. Statistical analysis was calculated using ANOVA analysis and Tukey's test. ^*P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.