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. 2019 Mar 4;9:3353. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40045-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ptch1^+/− mice were partially protected from HDM-induced mucous expression compared to HDM-exposed Wt mice. (A) Periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-, B) MUC5AC- and (C) Ki67-stained sections of paraffin-embedded mouse lung tissues from Wt and Ptch1^+/− mice after PBS or HDM exposures were shown. (D) Airway-specific PAS staining was normalized to length of basement membrane (BM). (E) Ki67+ epithelial cells and (G) airway epithelial thickness were normalized to length of BM. Scale bar = 50 µm. Values were expressed as mean ± SEM. One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test was used in panels D–F. (G–H) Representative images and quantification of epithelial-specific Ptch1 protein expression in all visible distal airways in a representative Wt PBS- and Ptch1^+/− PBS-treated mouse.