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. 2019 Mar 4;9:3331. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39219-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The membrane and ribosomes are targets of Pal-GR13-treated microbes. 10⁷ P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 (a,b) or S. aureus ATCC 6538 (e), suspended in 150 µl 10 mM NaP, pH 7.3, containing 1% TSB, were treated with Pal-GR13 (Pal-GRRGGRGGRGRGR, 375 µg/ml) for 60 min at ambient temperature and then analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Buffer-treated P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 (c,d) and S. aureus ATCC 6538 (f) served as controls. Note condensation of electron-dense cytoplasmic material and liberation of mesosome-like vesicles in Pal-GR13-treated bacteria (a,b,e). Images are representative of two independent experiments, sampling on average 10 images per condition in each experiment.