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. 2019 Jan 17;60(3):484–489. doi: 10.1194/jlr.S091959

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Role of SPNS2 in inside-out signaling of S1P. SphK1 activated by cytokines phosphorylates Sph to generate intracellular S1P that is then exported from cells by SPNS2. S1P secreted from endothelial cells contributes to circulating levels of S1P, which act in an autocrine or paracrine manner by binding to S1PRs present on endothelial and inflammatory cells. Sph, sphingosine.