Table 3.
Prevalence of comorbidities in different CS patient etiologies [n (%)].
| Comorbidities | ACTH-dependent | ACTH-independent | Overall | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD | EAS | Uncertain causea | Total | ACA | ACCa | BMAH | PPNAD | Total | ||
| (n = 1040) | (n = 98) | (n = 20) | (n = 1158) | (n = 346) | (n = 16) | (n = 102) | (n = 30) | (n = 494) | (n = 1652) | |
| Hypertension | 749 (72.0)∆ | 75 (76.5) | 19 (95.0) | 843 (72.8) | 214 (61.8) | 10 (62.5) | 85 (83.3)∆ | 25 (83.3) | 334 (67.6)# | 1177 (71.2) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 424 (40.8)∆ | 60 (61.2) ∗∆†‡ | 12 (60.0) | 496 (42.8) | 92 (26.6) | 6 (37.5) | 44 (43.1)∆‡ | 4 (13.3) | 146 (29.6)# | 642 (38.9) |
| Impaired glucose tolerance | 148 (14.2) | 16 (16.3) | 5 (25.0) | 169 (14.6) | 41 (11.8) | 1 (6.3) | 16 (15.7) | 8 (26.7) | 66 (13.4) | 235 (14.2) |
| Osteoporosis without fractures | 263 (25.3)∆ | 17 (17.3) | 5 (25.0) | 285 (24.6) | 40 (11.6) | 1 (6.3) | 16 (15.7) | 7 (23.3) | 64 (13.0) | 349 (21.1) |
| Osteoporotic fractures | 178 (17.1)∆† | 28 (28.6)∗∆† | 10 (50.0) | 216 (18.7) | 31 (9.0) | 2 (12.5) | 5 (4.9) | 8 (26.7)∆† | 46 (9.3) | 262 (15.9) |
| Dyslipidemia | 435 (41.8)∆ | 39 (39.8)∆ | 10 (0.5) | 484 (41.8) | 86 (24.9) | 3 (18.8) | 38 (37.3) | 12 (40.0) | 139 (28.1)# | 623 (37.7) |
| Fatty liver | 285 (27.4)∆ | 27 (27.6)∆ | 8 (40.0) | 320 (27.6) | 50 (14.5) | 0 (0.0) | 31 (30.4) | 9 (30.0) | 90 (18.2)# | 410 (24.8) |
| Hypokalemia | 132 (12.7) | 51 (52.0)∗∆†‡ | 10 (50.0) | 193 (16.7) | 28 (8.1) | 2 (12.5) | 8 (7.8) | 2 (6.7) | 40 (8.1)# | 233 (14.1) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 30 (2.9) | 5 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (3.0) | 8 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (3.0) | 50 (3.0) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 43 (4.1) | 4 (4.1) | 2 (10.0) | 49 (4.2) | 12 (3.5) | 1 (6.3) | 14 (13.7)∆∗ | 1 (3.3) | 28 (5.7) | 77 (4.7) |
| Psychiatric disorders | 34 (3.3) | 4 (4.1) | 2 (10.0) | 40 (3.5) | 8 (2.3) | 1 (6.3) | 3 (2.9) | 2 (6.7) | 14 (2.8) | 54 (3.3) |
∗ P < 0.005 versus CD; ∆P < 0.005 versus ACA; †P < 0.005 versus BMAH; ‡P < 0.005 versus PPNAD; #P < 0.05 versus ACTH-dependent CS. aACC and ACTH-dependent CS with uncertain cause were excluded from intergroup comparisons because of the small sample size and ambiguous etiology, respectively.