Table 3.
Characteristics of children and mothers in children groups with stunting and without stunting∗ (n=768).
| Stunting | No-stunting | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N=63) | (N=705) | ||
| Children | |||
| Gender | <0.05 | ||
| Female | 20 (31.8) | 351 (49.8) | |
| Male | 43 (68.2) | 354 (50.2) | |
| Age (months) | 18.7 ± 4.3 | 16.6 ± 4.2 | <0.001∗∗∗ |
| Weight at birth | <0.001 | ||
| Low (< 2500 g) | 16 (25.4) | 65 (9.2) | |
| Normal (≥ 2500 g) | 47 (74.6) | 640 (90.8) | |
| Breastfeeding in the first hour after birth | 45 (71.4) | 437 (62.1) | 0.14 |
| Yes | 45 (71.4) | 437 (62.1) | |
| No | 18 (28.6) | 267 (37.9) | |
| Receiving conmplementary foods | |||
| < 6 months | 5 (7.9) | 70 (9.9) | 0.61 |
| ≥6 months | 58 (92.1) | 635 (90.1) | |
|
| |||
| Mothers | |||
| Age (years) (n=767) | 0.85∗∗ | ||
| ≥ 18 and <25 | 4 (7.9) | 63 (8.9) | |
| ≥ 25 and <40 | 55 (87.3) | 597 (84.8) | |
| ≥ 40 | 3 (4.8) | 44 (6.3) | |
| Occupation (n=737) | 0.02 | ||
| Government officer/ worker | 43 (71.7) | 363 (53.6) | |
| Seller | 3 (5.0) | 86 (12.7) | |
| Housewife | 14 (23.3) | 228 (33.6) | |
| Education (n=767) | 0.21 | ||
| < Primary school | 6 (9.5) | 110 (15.6) | |
| Secondary school | 16 (25.4) | 213 (30.3) | |
| > High school | 41 (65.1) | 381 (54.1) | |
| Gross household income (n=727) | 0.63∗∗ | ||
| Moderate | 59 (95.2) | 632 (95.0) | |
| Poor, near-poor households | 3 (4.8) | 33 (5.0) | |
| Number of children in household (n=767) | 0.69 | ||
| 1 | 33 (52.4) | 342 (48.6) | |
| 2 | 23 (36.5) | 295 (41.9) | |
| ≥ 3 | 7 (11.1) | 67 (9.5) | |
| Residence location (n=767) | <0.05 | ||
| Rural | 10 (15.9) | 192 (27.3) | |
| Urban | 53 (84.1) | 512 (72.7) | |
∗ Values are mean ± SD or frequency (percent) and P values of Chi-square test, ∗∗ Fisher exact, and ∗∗∗ t-tests used to compare groups with and without stunting, excluding missing data.